A Level Chemistry 9701 Paper 11, May/June 2026

Which diagram shows the trend in radius for the five species, ${\text{O}}^{2-}$, ${\text{F}}^{-}$, $\text{Ne}$, ${\text{Na}}^{+}$, ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$?

Why is the first ionisation energy of sulfur lower than that of phosphorus? A Sulfur is more electronegative than phosphorus. B Sulfur forms anions more readily. C In sulfur, the electron lost is paired with another electron. D The sulfur atom is larger than the phosphorus atom.

Which statement is correct? A The mass of the unified atomic mass unit is 12.0. B The relative molecular mass of sodium chloride is 58.1. C The relative formula mass of magnesium chloride is 95.3. D The relative atomic mass of oxygen is 32.0.

Which sample of gas has the smallest volume at room conditions? A $17\text{ g}$ of ammonia B $4\text{ g}$ of helium C $4\text{ g}$ of hydrogen D $35.5\text{ g}$ of chlorine

Which molecule or structure does not contain three atoms bonded at an angle between ${109}^{\circ }$ and ${110}^{\circ }$? A ethanoic acid B graphite C propane D silicon(IV) oxide

Materials can be classified by their chemical structures. The four types of structure are metallic, ionic, simple molecular and giant molecular. A, B, C and D all have different types of structure. Which substance has a simple molecular structure?

Elements X, Y and Z are all found in the first two periods of the Periodic Table. Their Pauling electronegativity values are shown.

Substances exist with formulae $\text{XZ}$, $\text{YZ}$ and ${\text{Z}}_2$. Which row shows these substances in order of increasing melting point?

The equation for a reaction is shown. $$\text{C(s)}+{\text{CO}}_2\text{(g)}\to 2\text{CO(g)}$$ This reaction has an enthalpy change of $+172{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$. Which deduction can be made from this information? A Carbon can be used as a fuel by reacting it with carbon dioxide. B The reaction $\text{C(s)}+{\text{CO}}_2\text{(g)}\to 2\text{CO(g)}$ absorbs heat from its surroundings. C The standard enthalpy change of combustion of carbon is $+172{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$. D The standard enthalpy change of formation of $\text{CO}$ is $+86{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$.

Sulfur can be oxidised to produce two different oxides. $$\text{S(s)}+{\text{O}}_2\text{(g)}\to {\text{SO}}_2\text{(g)}\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{f}}^{\circ }=-297{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$$ $$\text{S(s)}+1.5{\text{O}}_2\text{(g)}\to {\text{SO}}_3\text{(g)}\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{f}}^{\circ }=-395{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$$ What is the standard enthalpy change, $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}^{\circ }$, of the reaction $2{\text{SO}}_2\text{(g)}+{\text{O}}_2\text{(g)}\to 2{\text{SO}}_3\text{(g)}$? A $-196{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$ B $-98{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$ C $+98{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$ D $+196{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$

Which statement about the dichromate ion, ${\text{Cr}}_2{\text{O}}_7^{2-}$, is correct? A It acts as an oxidising agent when it gains electrons. B It is formed when the ${\text{CrO}}_4^{2-}$ ion disproportionates into two chromium containing products. C The oxidation number of chromium is $+12$. D The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the chromium and oxygen atoms is zero.

The equation for the reaction between nitric acid and arsenous acid, ${\text{H}}_3{\text{AsO}}_3$, is shown. $$x{\text{HNO}}_3+y{\text{H}}_3{\text{AsO}}_3\to x\text{NO}+y{\text{H}}_3{\text{AsO}}_4+z{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$$ What are the numerical values of $x$ and $y$?

Nitrogen dioxide dissociates according to the equation shown. $$2{\text{NO}}_2\text{(g)}\rightleftharpoons 2\text{NO(g)}+{\text{O}}_2\text{(g)}$$ When $0.75\text{ mol}$ of nitrogen dioxide is heated in a vessel of volume $9.80{\text{ dm}}^3$ at $500{}^{\circ }\text{C}$, $7.04\text{ g}$ of oxygen is found in the equilibrium mixture. What is the value of $K_{\text{c}}$ at this temperature? A $3.84\times {10}^{-3}$ B $0.0452$ C $0.443$ D $22.1$

Which pH titration curve shows the result of a titration of a strong alkali with a weak acid?

Nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia in a reversible reaction. $${\text{N}}_2+3{\text{H}}_2\rightleftharpoons 2{\text{NH}}_3\mathrm{\Delta }H=-92{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$$ A sealed reaction vessel contains a mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia at equilibrium at $500\text{ K}$. This mixture is put into a much larger sealed vessel. The temperature in this vessel is maintained at $300\text{ K}$. Which prediction can be made with certainty? A Dynamic equilibrium will not re-establish. B The position of equilibrium will not change. C The rate of the forward reaction will increase. D The rate of the backward reaction will decrease.

The diagram shows the Boltzmann distribution of energies in one mole of a gas. The gas takes part in a reaction with an activation energy, $E_{\text{a}}$. Which statement correctly describes the effect of an increase in temperature? A Peak P will be higher and fewer molecules will have energy $>E_{\text{a}}$. B Peak P will be higher and more molecules will have energy $>E_{\text{a}}$. C Peak P will be lower and fewer molecules will have energy $>E_{\text{a}}$. D Peak P will be lower and more molecules will have energy $>E_{\text{a}}$.

Four different reactions occur. 1 ${\text{N}}_2\text{(g)}$ reacts with ${\text{O}}_2\text{(g)}$. 2 $\text{NaOH(aq)}$ reacts with ${\text{NH}}_4\text{Cl(aq)}$. 3 ${\text{NH}}_3\text{(aq)}$ reacts with ${\text{HNO}}_3\text{(aq)}$. 4 ${\text{SO}}_2\text{(g)}$ reacts with ${\text{O}}_2\text{(g)}$. Which reactions produce a basic soluble gas? A 1, 3 and 4 B 1 and 4 only C 2 and 3 D 2 only

The table contains some statements about Period 3 elements and their compounds. In which row are both statements correct?

Which statement explains why silicon has the highest melting point of the elements of Period 3? A Each silicon atom contributes four delocalised electrons into its metallic structure. B Silicon ions have the highest charge of the ions of the Period 3 elements. C Silicon molecules have the strongest intermolecular forces of the Period 3 elements. D Strong covalent bonds need to be broken for silicon to melt.

Which reaction produces the smallest total number of moles of gas? [relative formula mass: ${\text{CaCO}}_3$, $100.1$; ${\text{Sr(NO}}_3{)}_2$, $211.6$; ${\text{BaCO}}_3$, $197.3$] A $3.60\text{ g}$ magnesium is added to $75.0{\text{ cm}}^3$ of $3.00{\text{ mol dm}}^{-3}$ sulfuric acid B $16.0\text{ g}$ calcium carbonate is added to $50.0{\text{ cm}}^3$ of $4.80{\text{ mol dm}}^{-3}$ hydrochloric acid C $10.6\text{ g}$ strontium nitrate is decomposed by heating D $27.6\text{ g}$ barium carbonate is decomposed by heating

Barium reacts with water to produce a colourless solution, V. A sample of V is shaken with ${\text{MgCl}}_2\text{(aq)}$ to produce mixture W. An excess of $\text{HCl(aq)}$ is added to mixture W to produce mixture X. A second sample of V is shaken with ${\text{MgSO}}_4\text{(aq)}$ to produce mixture Y. An excess of $\text{HCl(aq)}$ is added to mixture Y to produce mixture Z. Observations of W, X, Y and Z are made when any reaction is complete. In which of W, X, Y and Z is a white solid observed? A W, X, Y and Z B W, Y and Z only C W and Y only D X, Y and Z only

Which statement is correct? A Bromide ions react to form a white precipitate when added to silver nitrate solution. B Bromine does not oxidise chloride ions when added to sodium chloride solution. C Fluorine atoms form cations by accepting electrons when they react. D Chloride ions are stronger reducing agents than iodide ions.

Chlorine reacts separately with water, cold aqueous sodium hydroxide and hot aqueous sodium hydroxide. Which statement about these reactions is correct? A ${\text{Cl}}^{-}$ ions are formed in two of these reactions only. B Chlorine reacts with hot $\text{NaOH(aq)}$ to form ${\text{HClO}}_3$. C Chlorine reacts with water to form $\text{HOCl}$. D Chlorine reacts with cold $\text{NaOH(aq)}$ to form ${\text{NaClO}}_2$.

Halide ion ${\text{X}}^{-}$ reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid. Among the products of the reaction is a sulfur-containing compound in which the oxidation number of the sulfur is $-2$. Which halide ion is ${\text{X}}^{-}$? A chloride ion or bromide ion B chloride ion only C bromide ion or iodide ion D iodide ion only

The table gives information about the bonding in different species. Which row is correct?

The formula of 11-cis-retinal is ${\text{C}}_{20}{\text{H}}_{28}\text{O}$. The structure of 11-cis-retinal consists of a cyclohexene ring and a long aliphatic side chain ending in an aldehyde group. The long aliphatic side chain contains one or more $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bonds. One $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bond is between carbons numbered 11 and 12. The arrangement is cis at this point. Which row is correct?

Which compound has the empirical formula ${\text{CH}}_2\text{O}$? A butane-2,3-diol B ethanol C methyl methanoate D propanoic acid

The structure of an ether X is shown. The $\text{C}-\text{O}-\text{C}$ group is the functional group in the homologous series of ethers. $${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2-\text{O}-{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_3$$ Y is a functional group isomer of X. Y exists as a pair of optical isomers. Which structure represents Y? A ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2\text{OH}$ B ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH(OH)CH}}_3$ C ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH(OH)CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_3$ D $({\text{CH}}_3{)}_2{\text{CHCH}}_2{\text{OCH}}_3$

This question is about the conversion of but-2-ene to butanone. What are the correct steps to carry out this conversion? A adding hot concentrated acidified ${\text{KMnO}}_4$ and heating the mixture under reflux B heating with steam using an ${\text{H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4$ catalyst followed by heating under reflux with acidified ${\text{K}}_2{\text{Cr}}_2{\text{O}}_7$ C adding hydrogen bromide followed by boiling the mixture with $\text{NaOH(aq)}$ D heating with acidified ${\text{K}}_2{\text{Cr}}_2{\text{O}}_7$ followed by distillation

Which compound will decolourise ${\text{Br}}_2\text{(aq)}$ in the dark? A ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}$ B ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CHOHCH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_3$ C ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CHCHCH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2\text{OH}$ D ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_3$

The structure of compound Z is shown. One mole of compound Z reacts completely with two moles of hydrogen bromide. What is the structure of the major product of this reaction?

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be taken into account when answering this question. A sample of 2-bromobutane is strongly heated in a concentrated ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide. How many isomeric organic products are formed? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

Which organic reaction has a nucleophilic substitution mechanism? A ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{Br}+\text{NaOH}\to {\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{OH}+\text{NaBr}$ B ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{Br}+\text{NaOH}\to {\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2+\text{NaBr}+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ C ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_4+\text{HCl}\to {\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_5\text{Cl}$ D ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6+{\text{Cl}}_2\to {\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_5\text{Cl}+\text{HCl}$

When an acidified aqueous solution of potassium cyanide is added to propanone, an addition reaction takes place. Which structure shows the intermediate formed during this reaction?

The structural formulas of four isomers of ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{10}\text{O}$ are listed. • ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH(OH)CH}}_2\text{CH}={\text{CH}}_2$ • $({\text{CH}}_3{)}_3\text{CCHO}$ • ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{COCH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_3$ • $({\text{CH}}_3{)}_2{\text{CHCOCH}}_3$ Structural isomerism only should be taken into account when answering this question. Which row is correct?

Which reaction has ethanoic acid as one of the products? A ${\text{CH}}_3\text{CN}$ is heated with dilute alkali under reflux. B ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{CN}$ is heated with dilute acid under reflux. C ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{COOCH}}_3$ is heated with dilute alkali under reflux. D ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{COOCH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_3$ is heated with dilute acid under reflux.

Primary alcohols are produced from carboxylic acids. $$\text{RCOOH}+4[\text{H}]\to {\text{RCH}}_2\text{OH}+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$$ Which statement about this reaction is correct? A ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ reduces $\text{RCOOH}$ to ${\text{RCH}}_2\text{OH}$, but ${\text{NaBH}}_4$ does not. B ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ and ${\text{NaBH}}_4$ will each reduce $\text{RCOOH}$ to ${\text{RCH}}_2\text{OH}$. C ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ and ${\text{NaBH}}_4$ will each hydrolyse $\text{RCOOH}$ to ${\text{RCH}}_2\text{OH}$. D ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ hydrolyses $\text{RCOOH}$ to ${\text{RCH}}_2\text{OH}$, but ${\text{NaBH}}_4$ does not.

Three equations are shown. 1 ${\text{CH}}_3\text{COOH}+{\text{MgCO}}_3\to {\text{CH}}_3\text{COOMg}+{\text{CO}}_2+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ 2 ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{COOH}+\text{Na}\to {\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{COONa}+0.5{\text{H}}_2$ 3 ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{COOH}+2{\text{Ba(OH)}}_2\to {\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{COOBa}}_2+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ Which of the equations are correct? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 only D 3 only

Which fragment could appear in the chain produced by polymerising 1,1-dichloroethene? A $-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CCl}}_2-{\text{CCl}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-$ B $-\text{CHCl}-\text{CHCl}-\text{CHCl}-\text{CHCl}-\text{CHCl}-\text{CHCl}-$ C $-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CCl}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CCl}}_2-$ D $-{\text{CCl}}_2-{\text{CCl}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CCl}}_2-$

A sample of $2.76\text{ g}$ of ethanol was mixed with an excess of aqueous acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The reaction mixture was then heated under reflux for one hour. The required organic product was then collected by distillation. The yield of product was $75.0\mathrm{\%}$. Which mass of product was collected? A $1.26\text{ g}$ B $1.98\text{ g}$ C $2.07\text{ g}$ D $2.70\text{ g}$

The infrared spectrum of X shows absorptions at $2200{\text{ cm}}^{-1}$ and $1630{\text{ cm}}^{-1}$. The mass spectrum of X shows: • a peak for the molecular ion, ${\text{X}}^{+}$, with a relative abundance of 38 • a peak for the ion, $[\text{X}+1{]}^{+}$, with a relative abundance of 2.9.

What is a possible structure of X?