A Level Chemistry 9701 Paper 12, May/June 2026

Which mass of aluminium is needed to produce $0.10\text{ mol}$ of ${\text{Al}}_2{\text{Cl}}_6$? A $0.54\text{ g}$ B $2.7\text{ g}$ C $5.4\text{ g}$ D $10.8\text{ g}$

Compound Q contains the elements C, H and O only. When completely combusted, $2.00\text{ g}$ of Q produces $4.00\text{ g}$ of carbon dioxide and $1.63\text{ g}$ of water. What is the empirical formula of Q? A ${\text{CHO}}_2$ B ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ C ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_4\text{O}$ D ${\text{CH}}_2{\text{O}}_2$

Which row correctly describes the ion ${}_{16}^{35}{\text{S}}^{2-}$?

Element X has a higher first ionisation energy than element Y. Two students state one factor that helps to explain this. student 1 'X has a higher first ionisation energy than Y because an atom of X has more protons in its nucleus than an atom of Y.' student 2 'X has a higher first ionisation energy than Y because X has a smaller atomic radius than Y.' Only one of the two students is correct. Which elements could X and Y be?

In which substance, when in pure liquid form, are instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces the only intermolecular force in the substance? A ethyl ethanoate B helium C hydrogen chloride D water

Descriptions of some covalent bonds are given. 1 the overlap of two p orbitals 2 the overlap of two sp hybrid orbitals 3 the overlap of two s orbitals Which bonds are present in the hydrogen cyanide molecule, HCN? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

Solid X is known to be an element or compound with a giant lattice structure. The identification key shown can be used to identify the type of giant lattice structure in solid X. What are structures 1, 2 and 3, to complete this identification key?

In this question, you should assume that nitrogen behaves as an ideal gas. What is the volume of $15.0\text{ g}$ of nitrogen at a temperature of $70.0{}^{\circ }\text{C}$ and a pressure of $192\text{ kPa}$? A $1.62{\text{ dm}}^3$ B $7.95{\text{ dm}}^3$ C $15.9{\text{ dm}}^3$ D $27.7{\text{ dm}}^3$

An energy cycle is shown.

Which expression equals the enthalpy change of formation of NO? A $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_1-\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_3$ B $-\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_1-\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_3$ C $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_3+\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_1$ D $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_3-\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_1$

$50{\text{ cm}}^3$ of $2.50{\text{ mol dm}}^{-3}$ hydrochloric acid was placed in a polystyrene beaker of negligible heat capacity. The temperature of the acid was recorded and then $50{\text{ cm}}^3$ of $2.50{\text{ mol dm}}^{-3}\text{ NaOH}$ at the same temperature was quickly added, with stirring. The temperature rose by $17{}^{\circ }\text{C}$. The resulting solution may be considered to have a specific heat capacity of $4.2{\text{ J g}}^{-1}{\text{K}}^{-1}$. What is an approximate value for the molar enthalpy change of neutralisation of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide from this experiment? A $\frac{-(50\times 4.2\times 17)}{(0.050\times 2.5)}{\text{ J mol}}^{-1}$ B $\frac{-(50\times 4.2\times 17)}{(0.10\times 2.5)}{\text{ J mol}}^{-1}$ C $\frac{-(100\times 4.2\times 17)}{(0.050\times 2.5)}{\text{ J mol}}^{-1}$ D $\frac{-(100\times 4.2\times 17)}{(50\times 2.5)}{\text{ J mol}}^{-1}$

${\text{TiO}}_2$ is obtained from iron(II) titanate, ${\text{FeTiO}}_3$. What is the change, if any, in the oxidation number of titanium? A It is oxidised from +3 to +4. B It is reduced from +3 to +2. C It is reduced from +6 to +4. D There is no change in the oxidation number.

Copper(I) iodide is produced by the reaction shown. $$2{\text{CuSO}}_4\text{(aq)}+4\text{KI(aq)}\to 2\text{CuI(s)}+{\text{I}}_2\text{(aq)}+2{\text{K}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\text{(aq)}$$ Which statement about this reaction is correct? A All iodide ions act as oxidising agents. B All iodide ions act as reducing agents. C All copper ions act as oxidising agents. D All copper ions act as reducing agents.

A chemist adds $3.0\text{ mol}$ of nitrogen dioxide to a container. The container is maintained at a constant temperature and equilibrium is reached. $$2{\text{NO}}_2\rightleftharpoons {\text{N}}_2{\text{O}}_4$$ The equilibrium mixture contains $2.3\text{ mol}$ of ${\text{NO}}_2$. What is the amount of ${\text{N}}_2{\text{O}}_4$ in the equilibrium mixture? A $0.35\text{ mol}$ B $0.70\text{ mol}$ C $1.40\text{ mol}$ D $1.50\text{ mol}$

Ethanoic acid dissociates in water. $${\text{CH}}_3\text{COOH}+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\rightleftharpoons {\text{CH}}_3{\text{COO}}^{-}+{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\mathrm{\Delta }H=-2{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$$ Which change causes the pH of this aqueous solution to decrease? A adding a catalyst B dissolving a small amount of potassium hydroxide into the mixture C decreasing the temperature D dissolving a small amount of sodium ethanoate into the aqueous ethanoic acid

The diagram shows a Boltzmann distribution of molecular energies for a gaseous mixture. The distribution has a peak, labelled P. What happens when an effective catalyst is added to the mixture? A The height of the peak decreases and the activation energy moves to the right. B The height of the peak decreases and the activation energy moves to the left. C The height of the peak remains the same and the activation energy moves to the right. D The height of the peak remains the same and the activation energy moves to the left.

Which statement about the Period 3 elements sodium to phosphorus and their compounds is correct? A All the chlorides of the elements are hydrolysed by water to form $\text{HCl}$. B As the nuclear charge of the element increases, the electrons in the outer shell are further from the nucleus. C The structure and bonding of all of the elements is either giant ionic or simple covalent. D Only one of the oxides can form a solution with a pH greater than 12 when it is added to water.

X, Y and Z are elements in Period 3. Some physical properties of X, Y and Z are shown.

What are X, Y and Z?

Two procedures are described. 1 Sulfur is burned in an excess of oxygen then NO is added to the product mixture. 2 Sulfur is burned in an excess of oxygen then ${\text{NO}}_2$ is added to the product mixture. Which procedures will produce some sulfur trioxide, ${\text{SO}}_3$? A both 1 and 2 B 1 only C 2 only D neither 1 nor 2

The chloride of element J is added to a beaker of water. The oxide of element J is then added to the same beaker. A neutralisation reaction occurs. What is element J? A Al B Mg C P D S

When calcium nitrate thermally decomposes, oxygen is one of the products. Which volume of oxygen is produced at room conditions when $0.50\text{ mol}$ of calcium nitrate thermally decomposes? A $6.0{\text{ dm}}^3$ B $12.0{\text{ dm}}^3$ C $18.0{\text{ dm}}^3$ D $30.0{\text{ dm}}^3$

Two $0.20\text{ g}$ samples of different Group 2 compounds are each shaken with $10{\text{ cm}}^3$ of water in separate test-tubes. Which pair of compounds form clear solutions and then become cloudy when mixed together? A barium hydroxide and barium sulfate B barium sulfate and magnesium hydroxide C magnesium sulfate and barium hydroxide D magnesium sulfate and magnesium hydroxide

The volatility of the halogens decreases down the group. What is the explanation for this trend? A decreasing strength of covalent bonds B increasing strength of covalent bonds C decreasing strength of London dispersion forces D increasing strength of London dispersion forces

Which is the strongest oxidising agent? A ${\text{Cl}}_2$ B ${\text{Cl}}^{-}$ C ${\text{I}}_2$ D ${\text{I}}^{-}$

Ammonia can be made by a suitable reaction using ammonium chloride as one of the reactants. Two statements are given about this reaction. 1 This reaction takes place when ammonium chloride is heated with $\text{KOH(aq)}$. 2 The H–N–H bond angle decreases. Which statements are correct? A both 1 and 2 B 1 only C 2 only D neither 1 nor 2

What is the least number of carbon atoms in a non-cyclic alkane molecule that has a chiral centre? A 7 B 8 C 9 D 10

The first propagation step in the reaction between methane and chlorine is shown. $${\text{CH}}_4+{\text{Cl}}^{\bullet }\to {\text{CH}}_3^{\bullet }+\text{HCl}$$ How many different first propagation steps are possible in the reaction between pentane and chlorine? A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be considered when answering this question. Several isomers with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{10}\text{O}$ give an orange precipitate with 2,4-DNPH reagent. Which statement is correct? A There are eight isomers only. All of the isomers produce a brick-red precipitate with Fehling’s reagent. B There are eight isomers only. Five of the isomers produce a silver mirror with Tollens’ reagent. C There are six isomers only. Two of the isomers produce a yellow precipitate with alkaline ${\text{I}}_2\text{(aq)}$. D There are six isomers only. Four of the isomers turn acidified ${\text{K}}_2{\text{Cr}}_2{\text{O}}_7$ from orange to green on warming.

Hydrogen iodide undergoes an addition reaction with propene forming 2-iodopropane. When propene is bubbled through iodine monochloride, $\text{ICl}$, dissolved in a suitable solvent, a similar reaction occurs. Which product will be present in the greatest yield? A ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH(Cl)CH}}_2\text{Cl}$ B ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH(Cl)CH}}_2\text{I}$ C ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH(I)CH}}_2\text{Cl}$ D ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH(I)CH}}_2\text{I}$

Tertiary halogenoalkanes undergo a hydrolysis reaction with water. In the equation, X represents either an iodine atom or a chlorine atom. $$({\text{CH}}_3{)}_3\text{C–X}+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\to ({\text{CH}}_3{)}_3\text{C–OH}+\text{HX}$$ Which statement is correct for this reaction? A The C–I bond is weaker than the C–Cl bond and so the reaction is faster when X is I. B The reaction tends to proceed by the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ mechanism. C After the attack on the intermediate by an ${\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ molecule, the last stage of the mechanism is the transfer of a proton from another water molecule. D The planar intermediate has an unpaired electron which attacks a water molecule to form a C–O bond.

A sample of 1-bromopropane, ${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_7\text{Br}$, of mass $36.9\text{ g}$ is heated with an excess of $\text{KCN}$ in ethanol. The reaction gives a $78.0\mathrm{\%}$ yield of the desired organic product. Which row is correct?

Which reaction has ethanol as the major organic product? A ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_4$ is reacted with cold dilute acidified ${\text{KMnO}}_4$. B ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_5\text{Br}$ is heated with a concentrated solution of $\text{NaOH}$ in ethanol. C ${\text{CH}}_3\text{CHO}$ is heated with ${\text{NaBH}}_4$. D ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_5{\text{COOCH}}_3$ is heated under reflux with dilute acid.

Methylpropene reacts with steam in the presence of an ${\text{H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4$ catalyst. The major product of this reaction is then heated with an excess of acidified ${\text{KMnO}}_4$. If the mixture is distilled after heating, which organic compound will be collected? A butanone B methylpropan-2-ol C methylpropanal D methylpropanoic acid

Which pair of compounds can be distinguished by adding alkaline ${\text{I}}_2\text{(aq)}$? A ethanal and propanal B ethanol and propan-2-ol C methanol and propan-1-ol D propanone and butanone

Two reactions are described. 1 Ethanoic acid reacts with methanol. 2 Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate. Which statement is correct? A Both reactions are redox. B Only reaction 1 is redox. C Only reaction 2 is redox. D Neither reaction is redox.

Compound Z has the structural formula ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CO}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}$. What is produced when compound Z is heated for 30 minutes with an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide? A ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CO}}_2^{-}{\text{Na}}^{+}$ and ${\text{HOCH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}$ B ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CO}}_2^{-}{\text{Na}}^{+}$ and ${\text{HOCH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2^{-}{\text{Na}}^{+}$ C ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CO}}_2^{-}{\text{Na}}^{+}$ and ${\text{Na}}^{+-}{\text{OCH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2^{-}{\text{Na}}^{+}$ D ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{OH}$ and ${\text{Na}}^{+-}{\text{O}}_2{\text{CCH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2^{-}{\text{Na}}^{+}$

Ethanenitrile is heated with an excess of sodium hydroxide until the reaction is complete, giving organic compound X. Which row is correct?

An addition polymer has the repeat unit ${\text{–CH}}_2{\text{C(CH}}_3{)}_2\text{–}$. Which monomer is this polymer produced from? A but-1-ene B but-2-ene C methylpropene D buta-1,3-diene

Compound X, ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH(OH)CH(CHO)CH}}_3$, is heated under reflux with an excess of acidified ${\text{K}}_2{\text{Cr}}_2{\text{O}}_7$ to form compound Y. Both X and Y are separately warmed with Fehling’s reagent and the observations noted. What are the observations? A Both X and Y give a red precipitate. B Only X gives a red precipitate. C Only Y gives a red precipitate. D Neither X nor Y gives a red precipitate.

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be considered when answering this question. How many isomeric hydrocarbon molecules: • are non-cyclic • contain exactly four carbon atoms • contain two ${\text{sp}}^2$ hybridised carbon atoms • contain two ${\text{sp}}^3$ hybridised carbon atoms? A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

The mass spectrum of an alloy of copper and gold is shown. Which expression can be used to calculate the relative atomic mass, $A_r$, of copper present in this sample? A $\frac{(56.36\times 63)+(25.14\times 65)}{(56.36+25.14+18.50)}$ B $\frac{(56.36\times 63)+(25.14\times 65)+(18.50\times 197)}{(56.36+25.14+18.50)}$ C $\frac{(56.36\times 63)+(25.14\times 65)}{(56.36+25.14)}$ D $\frac{(56.36\times 63)+(25.14\times 65)}{(63+65)}$