A Level Chemistry 9701 Paper 11, May/June 2025

${\text{ICl}}_3$ reacts with water in a redox reaction. $$v{\text{ICl}}_3+w{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\to x\text{HCl}+y\text{HI}+z{\text{HIO}}_3+z{\text{HClO}}_3$$ What are the numbers $v$, $x$ and $z$ in the correctly balanced equation?

The rate of the reaction between a reactive metal and an excess of a dilute acid is investigated. The total volume of hydrogen gas produced is recorded every 30 seconds for 3 minutes.

The average rate of reaction during the first 30 seconds is P. The average rate of reaction during the last 30 seconds is Q. What is the value of P – Q? A $1.21{\text{ cm}}^3{\text{ s}}^{-1}$ B $1.93{\text{ cm}}^3{\text{ s}}^{-1}$ C $2.13{\text{ cm}}^3{\text{ s}}^{-1}$ D $3.43{\text{ cm}}^3{\text{ s}}^{-1}$

In the diagram, curve X was obtained by measuring the volume of oxygen produced during the decomposition of $100{\text{ cm}}^3$ of $1.0\text{ mol}{\text{dm}}^{-3}$ hydrogen peroxide. A catalyst of manganese(IV) oxide was used. Which alteration to the original experimental conditions would produce curve Y? A adding more manganese(IV) oxide B adding some $0.1\text{ mol}{\text{dm}}^{-3}$ hydrogen peroxide C adding water D raising the temperature

The first seven ionisation energies of an element between lithium and neon in the Periodic Table are shown. $$1310339053207450110001330071000\text{ kJ}{\text{mol}}^{-1}$$ What is the outer electronic configuration of the element? A $2{\text{s}}^2$ B $2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^1$ C $2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^4$ D $2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^6$

The reaction of hydrogen with oxygen is shown. $$2{\text{H}}_2(\text{g})+{\text{O}}_2(\text{g})\to 2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(\text{l})$$ Which expression corresponds to the standard enthalpy change of this reaction? A $2\times \mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{f}}^{\circ }({\text{H}}_2\text{O})$ B $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{c}}^{\circ }({\text{H}}_2\text{O})-\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{c}}^{\circ }({\text{H}}_2)$ C $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{c}}^{\circ }({\text{H}}_2)$ D $2\times \mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{f}}^{\circ }({\text{H}}_2\text{O})+2\times \mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{c}}^{\circ }({\text{H}}_2)$

P is a compound that burns in an excess of oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water only. $2.20\text{ g}$ of P contains $1.20\text{ g}$ of carbon and $0.20\text{ g}$ of hydrogen. When P is added to a solution of sodium carbonate, bubbles of gas are seen. What is P? A ${\text{CH}}_3\text{CHO}$ B ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}$ C ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{COCH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2\text{OH}$ D ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}$

Substance W has the physical properties shown.

What is substance W? A aluminium oxide B iron C silicon dioxide D sodium fluoride

Which diagram represents the lattice structure of sodium chloride?

An aqueous solution X contains substance HQ which behaves as a weak acid. $$\text{HQ}(\text{aq})\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}^{+}(\text{aq})+{\text{Q}}^{-}(\text{aq})$$ The soluble salt NaQ is added to X. What happens to the $[{\text{H}}^{+}(\text{aq})]$ and the $\text{pH}$ in X?

Dinitrogen tetroxide, ${\text{N}}_2{\text{O}}_4$, decomposes reversibly. $${\text{N}}_2{\text{O}}_4\rightleftharpoons 2{\text{NO}}_2\mathrm{\Delta }H=+58.0\text{ kJ}{\text{mol}}^{-1}$$ An equilibrium mixture of ${\text{N}}_2{\text{O}}_4$ and ${\text{NO}}_2$ gases is placed in a closed container under standard conditions. $$K_{\text{c}}=1.15\times {10}^{-1}\text{ mol}{\text{dm}}^{-3}$$ The conditions are changed. Under the new conditions, $K_{\text{c}}=1.70\times {10}^3\text{ mol}{\text{dm}}^{-3}$. Which change in conditions occurs? A The pressure increases. B The pressure decreases. C The temperature increases. D The temperature decreases.

$50{\text{ cm}}^3$ of $1.0\text{ mol}{\text{dm}}^{-3}{\text{ H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ is added to $100{\text{ cm}}^3$ of $1.0\text{ mol}{\text{dm}}^{-3}\text{ NaOH}$ in an insulated vessel. Both solutions are at a temperature of $20{}^{\circ }\text{C}$ before mixing. After mixing, the temperature rises and the highest temperature reached is $29{}^{\circ }\text{C}$. Assume that: • all the energy released in the reaction goes into raising the temperature of the aqueous reaction mixture • the specific heat capacity of the mixture is $4.2\text{ J}{\text{cm}}^{-3}{\text{K}}^{-1}$. What is the value of the enthalpy of neutralisation determined from this experiment? A $-113.4\text{ kJ}{\text{mol}}^{-1}$ B $-56.7\text{ kJ}{\text{mol}}^{-1}$ C $-37.8\text{ kJ}{\text{mol}}^{-1}$ D $-18.9\text{ kJ}{\text{mol}}^{-1}$

Barium dithionate, ${\text{BaS}}_2{\text{O}}_6\cdot 2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$, is soluble in water. ${\text{S}}_2{\text{O}}_6^{2-}$ ions slowly decompose in acidic solution. $${\text{S}}_2{\text{O}}_6^{2-}(\text{aq})\to {\text{SO}}_2(\text{g})+{\text{SO}}_4^{2-}(\text{aq})$$ $3.513\text{ g}$ of ${\text{BaS}}_2{\text{O}}_6\cdot 2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ is dissolved in water in a $100{\text{ cm}}^3$ volumetric flask and the solution made up to the mark with $\text{HCl}(\text{aq})$. At time $x\text{ min}$, a white precipitate of mass $0.661\text{ g}$ is present in the flask. What is the concentration of ${\text{BaS}}_2{\text{O}}_6$ in the volumetric flask at time $x\text{ min}$? A $0.0077\text{ mol}{\text{dm}}^{-3}$ B $0.0090\text{ mol}{\text{dm}}^{-3}$ C $0.077\text{ mol}{\text{dm}}^{-3}$ D $0.090\text{ mol}{\text{dm}}^{-3}$

The diagram shows two containers of methane connected by a closed tap. Each container has a volume of $1.00{\text{ m}}^3$. The tap is opened. The temperature of the system is changed to $800\text{ K}$. The system reaches constant pressure. What is the pressure of methane within the system? A $23.3\text{ kPa}$ B $46.6\text{ kPa}$ C $186\text{ kPa}$ D $372\text{ kPa}$

Which statement about a 3p orbital is correct? A It can hold a maximum of six electrons. B It has the highest energy of the orbitals with principal quantum number 3. C It is at a higher energy level than a 3s orbital but has the same shape. D It is occupied by one electron in an isolated phosphorus atom.

In which pair do both species: • have the same shape • have the same number of covalent bonds? A methane and the ammonium ion B carbon dioxide and nitrogen C boron trifluoride and ammonia D water and oxygen

A reaction involving ammonium ions is shown. $${\text{NH}}_4^{+}+{\text{OH}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons {\text{NH}}_3+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$$ Four statements about this reaction are listed. 1 The ammonium ions are reduced. 2 In the reverse reaction, ammonia acts as a Brønsted–Lowry base. 3 The ammonium ion and the ammonia molecule have the same bond angle. 4 This reaction is not a redox reaction. Which statements are correct? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

Which reduction process occurs on the surface of a catalytic converter? A reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides B reduction of carbon dioxide only C reduction of nitrogen oxides only D reduction of carbon monoxide

Three statements about the halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine and their compounds are listed. 1 The halogen with the highest boiling point has atoms which form the strongest bond to hydrogen. 2 The halogen with the strongest instantaneous dipole (id–id) attractions forms the most thermally stable hydrogen halide. 3 The most volatile element most rapidly oxidises hydrogen. Which statements are correct? A 1 and 2 B 1 only C 2 and 3 D 3 only

Which reagent or reagents and conditions will oxidise chlorine, ${\text{Cl}}_2$, into a compound containing chlorine in the +5 oxidation state? A ${\text{AgNO}}_3(\text{aq})$ followed by ${\text{NH}}_3(\text{aq})$ at room temperature B concentrated ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ at room temperature C cold dilute $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$ D hot concentrated $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$

Which diagram shows the electronegativity of the elements Na, Mg, Al and Si plotted against their first ionisation energies?

Radium is an element below barium in Group 2 of the Periodic Table. Which equation shows what happens when solid radium nitrate, $\text{Ra}({\text{NO}}_3{)}_2$, is heated strongly? A $2\text{Ra}({\text{NO}}_3{)}_2(\text{s})\to 2\text{RaO}(\text{s})+4{\text{NO}}_2(\text{g})+{\text{O}}_2(\text{g})$ B $2\text{Ra}({\text{NO}}_3{)}_2(\text{s})\to 2\text{RaO}(\text{s})+2{\text{N}}_2(\text{g})+5{\text{O}}_2(\text{g})$ C $\text{Ra}({\text{NO}}_3{)}_2(\text{s})\to \text{RaO}(\text{s})+{\text{N}}_2\text{O}(\text{g})+2{\text{O}}_2(\text{g})$ D $4\text{Ra}({\text{NO}}_3{)}_2(\text{s})\to 2{\text{Ra}}_2\text{O}(\text{s})+8{\text{NO}}_2(\text{g})+3{\text{O}}_2(\text{g})$

The table shows some data for the elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.

Which statements are correct? 1 All the elements in the table with a giant structure have a higher melting point than each of the elements in the table with a simple molecular structure. 2 Magnesium has a higher melting point than sodium because it has more delocalised electrons and stronger electrostatic attraction between the delocalised electrons and the metal ions. 3 Phosphorus and sulfur do not conduct electricity because they are simple molecular solids at room conditions. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

Each mineral listed behaves as a mixture of two carbonate compounds. They can be used as fire retardants because they decompose in the heat, producing ${\text{CO}}_2$. This gas smothers the fire.

What is the order of effectiveness as fire retardants, from best to worst?

Compound X contains two Period 3 elements, Y and Z. Compound X reacts with water to form only two products: a slightly soluble hydroxide and compound Q. Q is a compound of element Z and hydrogen. Compound Q burns in moist air to produce an oxide and water. The oxidation number of element Z in the oxide is +5. Which row identifies element Y and element Z?

Three reagents are listed. 1 aqueous sodium carbonate 2 ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ 3 water Which reagents react with pure ethanoic acid to give a solution containing ethanoate ions? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 1 only D 2 and 3

Complete combustion of compound T produces carbon dioxide and water only. Compound T produces steamy fumes with ${\text{PCl}}_5$. Compound T does not give any visible product with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent. What can be deduced with certainty from this information? A Compound T is a carboxylic acid. B Compound T is a hydrocarbon. C Compound T is an alcohol. D Compound T is not an aldehyde.

Information about carbonyl compound X is given. • Compound X reacts with ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ to produce a secondary alcohol. • Compound X reacts with alkaline ${\text{I}}_2(\text{aq})$ to give a yellow precipitate. What is compound X? A butanal B butanone C ethanal D pentan-3-one

An organic compound J reacts with an excess of sodium to produce an organic ion with a charge of –3. J reacts with an excess of $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$ to produce an organic ion with a charge of –1. What is the structural formula of J? A ${\text{HOCH}}_2\text{CH}(\text{OH}){\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}$ B ${\text{HO}}_2\text{CCH}(\text{OH}){\text{CH}}_2\text{CHO}$ C ${\text{HO}}_2\text{CCH}(\text{OH}){\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}$ D ${\text{HOCH}}_2{\text{COCH}}_2\text{CHO}$

Which formula represents the organic compound formed by the reaction of propanoic acid with methanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst? A ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{COCH}}_3$ B ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2{\text{CH}}_3$ C ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CO}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_3$ D ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2{\text{CH}}_3$

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be considered when answering this question. 2,5-dibromohexane is heated under reflux with ethanolic KOH. How many isomeric compounds are formed with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_{10}$? A 3 B 5 C 6 D 7

Considering only structural isomers, what is the number of alcohols of each type with the formula ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{12}\text{O}$?

Which structure represents part of the polymer chain of PVC?

A possible mechanism for the exothermic hydrolysis of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is shown.

Which diagram represents the reaction pathway diagram for this mechanism?

Compound W contains atoms of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen. Compound W reacts with $\text{HCl}(\text{aq})$ to produce propanoic acid. Which row is correct?

Two reactions are described. 1 2-bromo-2-methylbutane heated with $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$ 2 2-chloro-2-methylbutane heated with $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$ In both reactions, the conditions are the same and $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$ is in excess. $30.18\text{ g}$ of 2-bromo-2-methylbutane forms $12.32\text{ g}$ of product X. [$M_{\text{r}}$: 2-bromo-2-methylbutane, 150.9; 2-chloro-2-methylbutane, 106.5] Which row is correct?

An alkene P reacts with an excess of hot concentrated acidified ${\text{KMnO}}_4(\text{aq})$. Methylpropanoic acid is the only organic product. What is alkene P? A 2,5-dimethylhex-3-ene B 2-methylbut-2-ene C methylpropene D oct-4-ene, ${\text{C}}_8{\text{H}}_{16}$

Three substances are listed. 1 butane 2 hydrogen 3 hydrogen bromide Which substances are possible products of the free-radical substitution reaction between ethane and bromine? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

The structure of the testosterone molecule is shown. Which statements are correct? 1 Carbon atoms C1 and C2 can be oxidised with acidified ${\text{K}}_2{\text{Cr}}_2{\text{O}}_7$. 2 There are fewer than 27 hydrogen atoms in one testosterone molecule. 3 There are six chiral carbon atoms in one testosterone molecule. A 1 only B 2 and 3 C 2 only D 3 only

The structural formula of hept-1,4,5-triene is shown. $${\text{CH}}_2{\text{CHCH}}_2{\text{CHCCHCH}}_3$$ How many of the carbon atoms in one molecule of hept-1,4,5-triene are ${\text{sp}}^2$ hybridised? A 4 B 5 C 6 D 7

Hydrocarbon X is saturated. Each molecule contains one ring of carbon atoms. The mass spectrum of hydrocarbon X is measured. The peak representing the ${\text{M}}^{+}$ ion is $14\text{ mm}$ high. The peak representing the $[\text{M}+1{]}^{+}$ ion is $0.77\text{ mm}$ high. What is the $m\mathrm{/}e$ value for the ${\text{M}}^{+}$ ion of X? A 56 B 58 C 70 D 72