0620/63 · Oct/Nov 2024
Download PDFWhen crystals of hydrated calcium ethanedioate, , are heated they decompose to form solid calcium carbonate, steam and carbon monoxide gas. A student suggests using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1 to decompose hydrated calcium ethanedioate and obtain the products. Table 1.1 shows some information about carbon monoxide. Table 1.1
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Name the items of apparatus labelled A and B in Fig. 1.1. A ................................................................................................................................................ B ................................................................................................................................................
The apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1 will not work because there is an error in how the gas is collected. This error makes it dangerous to use the apparatus. Identify the error and explain why this error makes it dangerous to use the apparatus. error ........................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... explanation ................................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................................
Complete Fig. 1.2 to show how the gas could be collected safely.
Add one arrow to Fig. 1.2 to show where the apparatus should be heated.
Identify the substance that collects at the point marked X on Fig. 1.2.
Suggest why this experiment should be carried out in a fume cupboard.
A student investigates the temperature change when solid P dissolves in water. The student does two experiments. Experiment 1 ● Use a measuring cylinder to pour of distilled water into a boiling tube. ● Use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the distilled water. This is the temperature at . ● Add a sample of solid P to the distilled water in the boiling tube. At the same time start a stop-watch. ● Continually stir the contents of the boiling tube using the thermometer. ● Measure the temperature of the mixture in the boiling tube every 20 seconds for 120 seconds. ● Rinse the boiling tube with distilled water. Experiment 2 ● Repeat Experiment 1 using of distilled water instead of the of distilled water.


Complete Table 2.1 by using the thermometer diagrams and calculating the temperature decreases from the temperature at 0 seconds. For example, at 60 seconds: Table 2.1
Complete a suitable scale on the y-axis and plot the results from Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 on Fig. 2.1. Draw two lines of best fit. Both of your lines of best fit must go to (0,0). Label both lines.
State whether the energy change in Experiment 1 is exothermic or endothermic. Explain your answer.
Compare the maximum temperature decrease in Experiment 1 with the maximum temperature decrease in Experiment 2.
From your graph in Fig. 2.1, deduce the temperature decrease in Experiment 2 after 45 seconds. Show clearly on Fig. 2.1 how you worked out your answer. temperature decrease = .............................. °C
The average rate of temperature decrease in each experiment can be calculated using the equation shown. Calculate the average rate of temperature decrease in Experiment 1 for 120 seconds. Give units for the average rate you have calculated. average rate of temperature decrease = .............................. units = ..............................
State two possible sources of error in these experiments. For each source of error, suggest an improvement which reduces the error. source of error 1 ........................................................................................................................ improvement 1 ........................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... source of error 2 ........................................................................................................................ improvement 2 ........................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................
A student tests two substances: solid R and solid S. Tests on solid R Table 3.1 shows the tests and the student's observations for solid R. Table 3.1
| tests | observations |
|---|---|
| test 1 | |
| test 2 | |
| test 3 | |
| test 4 | |
| test 5 | |
State the conclusion that can be made from the observations in test 1.
Identify solid R.
Tests on solid S Solid S is sodium sulfite. Record the expected observations. The student carries out a flame test on solid S. observations ........................................................................................................................
The student dissolves the remaining solid S in distilled water to form solution S. The student divides solution S into two portions. To the first portion of solution S, the student adds about of aqueous sodium hydroxide. observations ........................................................................................................................
To the second portion of solution S, the student adds a few drops of acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII). observations ........................................................................................................................
A mixture contains three solid compounds: ● aluminium oxide ● calcium carbonate ● calcium chloride. Table 4.1 gives some information about the three compounds in the mixture. Table 4.1
Plan an experiment to find the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in the mixture. Your plan must include how you will calculate the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in the mixture. You are provided with a sample of the mixture, distilled water, aqueous sodium hydroxide and common laboratory apparatus.






