A Level Physics 9702 Paper 11, Oct/Nov 2023

What is a reasonable estimate of the cross-sectional area of the wire in a paper clip? A $1\times {10}^{-3}{\text{ m}}^2$ B $8\times {10}^{-5}{\text{ m}}^2$ C $8\times {10}^{-7}{\text{ m}}^2$ D $1\times {10}^{-9}{\text{ m}}^2$

Which quantity is not an SI base quantity? A charge B mass C temperature D time

A student determines the acceleration of free fall by using a small metal ball, as shown. When switch S is opened, the ball is released from an electromagnet and an electronic timer is started. The ball then falls vertically downwards. The timer stops when the ball hits a trapdoor. The student measures the distance PQ between the electromagnet and the trapdoor. This distance and the reading on the timer are then used to calculate the acceleration of free fall. Which statement about errors in the experiment is correct? A The random error can be reduced by adding the diameter of the ball to the distance PQ. B The random error can be reduced by subtracting the diameter of the ball from the distance PQ. C The systematic error can be reduced by adding the diameter of the ball to the distance PQ. D The systematic error can be reduced by subtracting the diameter of the ball from the distance PQ.

The diagram shows two coplanar forces, $P$ and $Q$, drawn to scale. Force $R$ is given by $R=Q-P$. Which diagram represents $R$? A B C D

A parachutist falls from a stationary balloon at time $t=0$. The velocity–time graph for the parachutist from time $t=0$ until the time when he is just above the ground is shown. Which graph best shows the variation with time of the acceleration of the parachutist? A B C D

A projectile is fired from point P with velocity $V$ at an angle $\theta$ to the horizontal. It lands at point Q, a horizontal distance $R$ from P, after time $T$. The acceleration of free fall is $g$. Air resistance is negligible. Which equation is correct? A $R=VT\cos \theta$ B $R=VT\sin \theta$ C $R=VT\cos \theta -\frac{1}{2}g{T}^2$ D $R=VT\sin \theta -\frac{1}{2}g{T}^2$

A man stands in a lift that is accelerating vertically downwards, as shown. Which statement describes the force exerted by the man on the floor? A It is equal to the weight of the man. B It is greater than the force exerted by the floor on the man. C It is less than the force exerted by the floor on the man. D It is less than the weight of the man.

A ball of mass $200\text{ g}$ is thrown horizontally with a speed of $20{\text{ m s}}^{-1}$ against a vertical wall. The ball is in contact with the wall for a time of $0.10\text{ s}$ before rebounding back along its original path with a speed of $10{\text{ m s}}^{-1}$. What is the average force exerted by the wall on the ball during the collision? A $20\text{ N}$ B $60\text{ N}$ C $20\text{ kN}$ D $60\text{ kN}$

In an experiment, a metal ball is dropped into a viscous liquid. The terminal velocity of the ball in the liquid is measured. The experiment is repeated four times. For each repeat, a change is made to one of the following. 1 the density of the metal of the ball 2 the height from which the ball is dropped 3 the density of the liquid 4 the depth of the liquid Which two changes separately affect the terminal velocity of the ball in the liquid? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

Two objects move towards each other along the same straight line. After colliding, the two objects stick together and are stationary. Which statement must be correct? A The total kinetic energy of the two objects does not change during the collision. B The total momentum of the two objects before the collision is zero. C The two objects have equal mass. D The two objects have the same speed before the collision.

A minimum torque of $20\text{ N m}$ must be applied to the lid of a jar for it to open. The radius of the lid is $4.0\text{ cm}$. What is the minimum force $F$ that must act on each side of the lid in order to open it? A $2.5\text{ N}$ B $5.0\text{ N}$ C $250\text{ N}$ D $500\text{ N}$

A uniform bar of length $L$ and weight $W$ rests horizontally on two supports X and Y. Support X exerts a vertical force $R_X$ at a distance of $\frac{L}{6}$ from one end of the bar. Support Y exerts a vertical force $R_Y$ at the other end of the bar. The bar is in equilibrium. What is the ratio $\frac{R_X}{R_Y}$? A $\frac{3}{2}$ B $\frac{2}{3}$ C $\frac{3}{5}$ D $\frac{2}{5}$

A type of firework is made by connecting two rockets, facing in opposite directions, to a rod, as shown. The rod is attached to a frictionless pivot so that the firework can rotate in a vertical plane. The firework has weight $W$. The pivot exerts a force $R$ on the rod that is equal and opposite to $W$. Each rocket exerts a force of magnitude $F$ on the rod at a perpendicular distance $d$ from the pivot. The forces exerted by the rockets are always in opposite directions. Air resistance is negligible. Which statement is correct? A The firework is in equilibrium because the resultant force acting on it is zero. B The firework is in equilibrium because the resultant torque acting on it is zero. C The firework is not in equilibrium because the resultant force acting on it is not zero. D The firework is not in equilibrium because the resultant torque acting on it is not zero.

An object of weight $W$ is suspended from a newton meter. When the object is completely immersed in water, the newton meter reads $P$. When the object is completely immersed in oil, the newton meter reads $Q$. What is the ratio $\frac{\text{density of oil}}{\text{density of water}}$? A $\frac{W-P}{Q-P}$ B $\frac{Q-P}{W-P}$ C $\frac{W-P}{W-Q}$ D $\frac{W-Q}{W-P}$

A crate of mass $50\text{ kg}$ is pushed a distance of $6.0\text{ m}$ along a horizontal surface against a constant resistive force of $70\text{ N}$. The crate moves at a constant speed. It is then lifted, at a constant speed, through a vertical distance of $1.2\text{ m}$ onto the back of a lorry. What is the total work done in this process? A $420\text{ J}$ B $480\text{ J}$ C $590\text{ J}$ D $1000\text{ J}$

The input power to a television is $P_{\text{in}}$. The useful sound and light power emitted by the television is $P_{\text{out}}$. What is the efficiency of the television? A $\frac{P_{\text{out}}}{P_{\text{in}}}$ B $\frac{P_{\text{in}}-P_{\text{out}}}{P_{\text{in}}}$ C $\frac{P_{\text{in}}}{P_{\text{out}}}$ D $\frac{P_{\text{out}}}{P_{\text{in}}-P_{\text{out}}}$

A builder holding a brick of mass $3000\text{ g}$ drops the brick on his foot. What is a reasonable estimate of the change in gravitational potential energy of the brick? A $30\text{ J}$ B $300\text{ J}$ C $3000\text{ J}$ D $30000\text{ J}$

An elastic cord of unstretched total length $16.0\text{ cm}$ and cross-sectional area $2.0\times {10}^{-6}{\text{ m}}^2$ is held horizontally by two smooth pins a distance $8.0\text{ cm}$ apart. The cord obeys Hooke's law. A load of mass $0.40\text{ kg}$ is suspended centrally on the cord. The angle between the two sides of the cord supporting the load is ${60}^{\circ }$. What is the Young modulus of the cord material? A $5.7\times {10}^5\text{ Pa}$ B $1.1\times {10}^6\text{ Pa}$ C $2.3\times {10}^6\text{ Pa}$ D $3.9\times {10}^6\text{ Pa}$

Which force–extension graph shows plastic deformation of a sample of material? A B C D

Two waves pass through a point P. The graph shows the variation with time $t$ of the displacement $s$ of the two waves at point P. What is the phase difference between the two waves at point P? A $0^{\circ }$ B ${45}^{\circ }$ C ${90}^{\circ }$ D ${180}^{\circ }$

Which row is correct for both progressive transverse waves and progressive longitudinal waves?

A toy drone emits a sound of constant frequency $800\text{ Hz}$. The speed of the sound in the air is $330{\text{ m s}}^{-1}$. The drone moves along a straight path directly towards an observer and then continues in a straight line directly away from the observer. The speed of the drone is constant. What is the velocity of the drone when the frequency of the sound heard by the observer is $850\text{ Hz}$?

Which statement about electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is correct? A Infrared waves have shorter wavelengths than visible light waves. B Microwaves have longer wavelengths than radio waves. C Ultraviolet waves have higher frequencies than visible light waves. D $\gamma$-rays have lower frequencies than X-rays.

Vertically polarised microwaves are emitted from a source. The microwaves are detected by a receiver that is connected to a cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO). The waveform displayed on the screen of the CRO has an amplitude of $2.6\text{ cm}$. A metal wire grid that acts as a polarising filter is now placed between the source and the receiver. The filter is orientated so that the plane of polarisation of the transmitted wave is at an angle of ${20}^{\circ }$ to the vertical. The distance between the source and receiver is unchanged. The settings on the CRO are also unchanged. What is now the amplitude of the waveform displayed on the screen of the CRO? A $0.30\text{ cm}$ B $0.89\text{ cm}$ C $2.3\text{ cm}$ D $2.4\text{ cm}$

In an experiment, a stationary wave is formed on a string stretched horizontally between two fixed points. Which statement about the experiment is correct? A At certain times, the string between two nodes is horizontal with all points having zero displacement. B Each point on the string between two antinodes has an oscillation of the same amplitude. C The number of nodes is equal to the number of antinodes. D Two adjacent antinodes oscillate in phase.

A musical organ produces notes by blowing air into a set of pipes that are open at one end and closed at the other. The speed of sound in the air in the pipes is $320{\text{ m s}}^{-1}$. What is the lowest frequency of sound produced by a pipe of length $10\text{ m}$? A $4\text{ Hz}$ B $8\text{ Hz}$ C $16\text{ Hz}$ D $32\text{ Hz}$

In an experiment, water waves in a ripple tank are incident on a gap, as shown. Some diffraction of the water waves is observed. Which change to the experiment would provide a better demonstration of diffraction? A Increase the amplitude of the waves. B Increase the frequency of the waves. C Increase the wavelength of the waves. D Increase the width of the gap.

Light of wavelength $\lambda$ is emitted from two point sources R and S and falls onto a distant screen. At point P on the screen, the light intensity is zero. What could explain the zero intensity at P? A Light from the two sources is emitted ${180}^{\circ }$ out of phase and the path difference to P is $\frac{1}{2}\lambda$. B Light from the two sources is emitted in phase and the path difference to P is $\lambda$. C Light from the two sources is emitted ${90}^{\circ }$ out of phase and the path difference to P is $\lambda$. D Light from the two sources is emitted in phase and the path difference to P is $\frac{1}{2}\lambda$.

A beam of red light of wavelength $720\text{ nm}$ is incident normally on a diffraction grating and produces a diffraction pattern on a screen placed parallel to the grating. The beam of red light is replaced with a beam of electromagnetic radiation of wavelength $X$, which is incident normally on the same diffraction grating. The third-order maximum for the electromagnetic radiation of wavelength $X$ is at the same position on the screen as the second-order maximum for the red light. What is wavelength $X$? A $480\text{ nm}$ B $540\text{ nm}$ C $960\text{ nm}$ D $1100\text{ nm}$

The current $I$ in a conductor is given by the equation shown. $$I=Anvq$$ What does the letter $n$ represent in this equation? A charge carried per charge carrier B number of charge carriers per unit area C number of charge carriers per unit volume D total mass of charge carriers per unit volume

In the circuit shown, the battery has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of $6.0\text{ V}$ and negligible internal resistance. The three resistors each have resistance $R$. The total power dissipated in the resistor network is $24\text{ W}$. What is the value of $R$? A $0.50\mathrm{\Omega }$ B $1.0\mathrm{\Omega }$ C $1.5\mathrm{\Omega }$ D $2.3\mathrm{\Omega }$

Which graph could show how the resistance $R$ of a filament lamp varies with the applied potential difference (p.d.) $V$, as $V$ is increased to the normal operating p.d.? A B C D

A piece of conducting putty is in the shape of a cylinder of length $60\text{ mm}$ and diameter $20\text{ mm}$. The resistance between the ends of the cylinder is $20\mathrm{\Omega }$. What is the resistivity of the putty? A $0.033\mathrm{\Omega }\text{ m}$ B $0.10\mathrm{\Omega }\text{ m}$ C $0.42\mathrm{\Omega }\text{ m}$ D $5.2\mathrm{\Omega }\text{ m}$

Which statement about the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a cell is always correct? A The e.m.f. is the energy converted from electrical to other forms in the cell. B The e.m.f. is the energy provided by the cell per unit charge passing through it. C The e.m.f. is the potential difference across the internal resistance of the cell. D The e.m.f. is the potential difference across the terminals of the cell.

Kirchhoff’s first and second laws are a consequence of the conservation of which quantities? A charge and energy B charge and resistance C mass and energy D mass and resistance

A circuit contains a cell of electromotive force $E$ and internal resistance $r$ connected to a resistor of resistance $R$. The current in the circuit is $I$. Which equation is correct? A $E-Ir=IR$ B $E=Ir-IR$ C $E+Ir=IR$ D $E=IR$

A potential divider consists of two resistors of resistances $R_1$ and $R_2$ connected in series across a source of potential difference (p.d.) $V_{\text{in}}$. The p.d. across $R_1$ is $V_{\text{out}}$. Which changes to $R_1$ and $R_2$ will increase the value of $V_{\text{out}}$?

Two alpha-particles with the same kinetic energy are moving towards, and are then deflected by, a gold nucleus. Which diagram could show the paths of the two alpha-particles? A B C D

Which nuclide is formed when ${}_6^{10}\text{C}$ undergoes ${\beta }^{+}$ decay? A ${}_6^{11}\text{C}$ B ${}_6^9\text{C}$ C ${}_5^{10}\text{B}$ D ${}_7^{10}\text{N}$

A particular hadron is composed of three quarks and has zero charge. What is a possible quark composition of the hadron? A down, down, strange B up, down, strange C up, up, down D up, up, strange