IGCSE Physics 0625 Paper 23, Oct/Nov 2025

When a pendulum passes a marker, a timer displays 1 minute 30 seconds. The pendulum passes the marker 12 more times from the same direction. On the final pass, the timer displays a time of 2 minutes 18 seconds. What is the time period of oscillation of the pendulum? A 4.0 s B 4.4 s C 7.5 s D 12 s

A car driver applies the brakes to bring a car to rest with a constant deceleration of $4.0{\text{ m/s}}^2$ in a time of $8.0\text{ s}$. What is the average speed of the car during this time? A $4.0\text{ m/s}$ B $8.0\text{ m/s}$ C $16\text{ m/s}$ D $32\text{ m/s}$

An object is falling in a uniform gravitational field. After a certain time, it reaches terminal velocity. Which row is correct?

Which measuring instrument is used to compare masses? A balance B protractor C stop-watch D voltmeter

Three different liquids are poured into a tall beaker. The liquids do not mix. The liquid densities are shown in the table.

What is the correct order of the liquids from the top of the beaker to the bottom? A $\text{P}\to \text{Q}\to \text{R}$ B $\text{Q}\to \text{P}\to \text{R}$ C $\text{Q}\to \text{R}\to \text{P}$ D $\text{R}\to \text{P}\to \text{Q}$

A car is moving in a straight line on a level road. Its engine provides a forward force on the car. A second force of equal size acts on the car in the opposite direction. Which statement describes what happens? A The car changes direction. B The car moves at a constant speed. C The car slows down. D The car speeds up.

Which beam is balanced? (Ignore the weight of the beam.)

A ball is at rest on the ground. A boy kicks the ball. The boy's boot is in contact with the ball for a time of $0.040\text{ s}$. The average force on the ball is $200\text{ N}$. The ball leaves the boy's boot with a speed of $20\text{ m/s}$. Which row gives the impulse of the boot on the ball and the average acceleration of the ball during the time of $0.040\text{ s}$?

Which device transfers energy from a chemical energy store to a kinetic energy store? A an a.c. generator B a battery-powered torch C a car engine D a wind-up mechanical clock

For which energy resource is the Sun the main source? A geothermal B nuclear C tidal D wind

A football is inflated in a warm room and then taken outside where the temperature is much lower. The pressure and temperature inside the ball both decrease. The volume of the ball is unchanged. Which row explains the decrease in pressure in terms of the movement of air particles?

A fixed mass of gas has a volume of $25{\text{ cm}}^3$. The pressure of the gas is $100\text{ kPa}$. The volume of the gas is slowly decreased by $15{\text{ cm}}^3$ at constant temperature. What is the change in pressure of the gas? A $67\text{ kPa}$ B $150\text{ kPa}$ C $170\text{ kPa}$ D $250\text{ kPa}$

The specific heat capacity of ice is $2000\text{ J}\mathrm{/}(\text{kg}{}^{\circ }\text{C})$. Which thermal energy is required to raise the temperature of $100\text{ g}$ of ice by $5{}^{\circ }\text{C}$? A $40\text{ J}$ B $100\text{ J}$ C $1000\text{ J}$ D $4000\text{ J}$

The diagram shows four labelled changes of state, P, Q, R and S, between solid, liquid and gas. Which changes need an energy input? A P and Q B Q and R C R and S D S and P

Which row about the movement of electrons and ions during conduction of thermal energy through a metal is correct?

A scientist measures the air temperature at different heights from the floor in a cave. The results are recorded in the table.

Why does altering the height affect the temperature of the air? A The particles in warm air have less energy than the particles in cool air. B The particles in cool air are further apart than the particles in warm air. C Warm air is less dense than cool air. D Cool air rises above warm air.

Star X has a larger diameter than star Y but they both emit radiation with the same power. Which statement is correct? A The surface temperature of X is less than the surface temperature of Y. B The surface temperatures of X and Y are the same. C The surface temperature of X is greater than the surface temperature of Y. D The surface areas of X and Y are the same.

When water waves pass through a gap, they diffract. The diagrams show wavefronts approaching a gap. In which diagram will the diffraction be least?

The diagram shows a scale drawing of the formation of an image by the reflection of light from a plane mirror. What are the relationships between the labelled angles? A $\text{angle 1}=\text{angle 2}$, and $\text{angle 3}=\text{angle 4}$ B $\text{angle 1}=\text{angle 3}$, and $\text{angle 2}=\text{angle 4}$ C $\text{angle 1}=\text{angle 4}$, and $\text{angle 3}=\text{angle 2}$ D $\text{angle 1}=\text{angle 2}=\text{angle 3}=\text{angle 4}$

The speed of light in a vacuum is $3.0\times {10}^8\text{ m/s}$. The speed of light in glass is $2.2\times {10}^8\text{ m/s}$. A light ray in a vacuum enters glass with an angle of incidence of ${40}^{\circ }$. What is the angle of refraction within the glass? A ${28}^{\circ }$ B ${29}^{\circ }$ C ${55}^{\circ }$ D ${61}^{\circ }$

The diagram shows a human eye that correctly focuses the light on the retina. Which row shows a short-sighted eye and use of the correct lens to focus the image?

Visible light, X-rays and microwaves are all components of the electromagnetic spectrum. Which statement about the waves is correct? A In a vacuum, microwaves travel faster than visible light and have a shorter wavelength than visible light. B In a vacuum, microwaves travel at the same speed as visible light and have a shorter wavelength than visible light. C In a vacuum, X-rays travel faster than visible light and have a shorter wavelength than visible light. D In a vacuum, X-rays travel at the same speed as visible light and have a shorter wavelength than visible light.

Both the amplitude and the frequency of a sound wave decrease. What happens to the sound that is heard? A The sound is louder and has a higher pitch. B The sound is louder and has a lower pitch. C The sound is quieter and has a higher pitch. D The sound is quieter and has a lower pitch.

The diagram shows the magnetic field due to a current in a solenoid. Which graph represents the strength of the magnetic field at positions X, Y and Z?

Why does a plastic rod become negatively charged when it is rubbed with a cloth? A The rod gains electrons. B The rod gains protons. C The rod loses electrons. D The rod loses protons.

There is an electric current in a circuit with a battery. This question refers to the positive and negative terminals of the battery. Which row correctly describes the directions of the conventional current and the electron flow in the circuit?

Which electrical quantity is defined in terms of the energy supplied by a source in driving charge round a complete circuit? A current B electromotive force C potential difference D power

A torch has a simple circuit with a $3.0\text{ V}$ battery and a lamp. There is a $20\text{ mA}$ current in the lamp. How much energy is transferred to the lamp in $5.0\text{ minutes}$? A $0.30\text{ J}$ B $18\text{ J}$ C $60\text{ J}$ D $0.30\text{ kJ}$

In which circuit does the lamp light?

Which circuit shows possible correct values for the currents?

The circuit diagrams show circuits that can control the potential difference (p.d.) across a lamp. Which circuit allows the p.d. across the lamp to be varied from $0\text{ V}$ to $6.0\text{ V}$?

The diagram shows a wire between two magnetic poles. The wire is connected in a circuit with an ammeter. The wire is moved downwards, towards the bottom of the page. A current is induced in the wire. In which direction is the force on the wire caused by this current? A towards the bottom of the page B towards the left of the page C towards the right of the page D towards the top of the page

Some students set up an experiment to measure the count rate for a radioactive source. First, they measure the radioactive background count rate in the laboratory by taking three measurements. Each measurement is taken over a 10-minute period. The table shows their results.

Next, the students measure the counts near the radioactive source. This count rate is measured as $949\text{ counts per minute}$. What is the corrected count rate for the source? A $932\text{ counts per minute}$ B $776\text{ counts per minute}$ C $430\text{ counts per minute}$ D $78\text{ counts per minute}$

A radioactive source emits $\alpha$-particles, $\beta$-particles and $\gamma$-rays into a vacuum where there is a magnetic field. The magnetic field acts perpendicularly into the plane of the paper. The paths J, K and L of the three types of radiation through the magnetic field are shown. Which radiation follows path J, path K and path L?

Radioactive decay is a change in an unstable nucleus which may result in emission of alpha-particles or beta-particles. Which statement describes how these emissions happen? A Alpha emission is a spontaneous and random process but beta emission is not. B Alpha emission and beta emission are both spontaneous and random processes. C Beta emission is a spontaneous and random process but alpha emission is not. D Neither alpha emission nor beta emission are spontaneous and random processes.

Which change occurs in the nucleus of a radioactive atom when a beta-particle is emitted? A $\text{neutron}\to \text{alpha-particle}$ B $\text{neutron}\to \text{proton}+\text{electron}$ C $\text{proton}\to \text{neutron}$ D $\text{proton}\to \text{neutron}+\text{electron}$

A radioactive source that emits $\alpha$-particles, $\beta$-particles and $\gamma$-radiation is stored safely in a container. From which material should the container be made? A alumimium B copper C paper D lead

An artificial satellite orbits planet X at a distance $r=7.0\times {10}^6\text{ m}$ from the centre of planet X. The average orbital speed $v$ of the satellite is $3500\text{ m/s}$. What is the orbital period? A $21\text{ minutes}$ B $52\text{ minutes}$ C $1\text{ hour and }45\text{ minutes}$ D $3\text{ hours and }29\text{ minutes}$

The table lists data about four different stars. Which star is the Sun?

What can be formed directly following a supernova? A a nebula and a neutron star B a nebula and a white dwarf C a red supergiant and a neutron star D a red supergiant and a protostar