O Level Physics 5054 Paper 22, Oct/Nov 2023

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Question paper

5054/22 · Oct/Nov 2023

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Velocity is a vector quantity but speed is a scalar quantity.

State how a vector quantity differs from a scalar quantity.

[1]

Underline all the vector quantities in the list. acceleration distance energy mass momentum temperature

[1]

Fig. 1.1 shows a passenger running across a large ship at right angles to the direction in which the ship is moving. The passenger runs across the ship at $2.4 m/s$ due north. The large ship is travelling due east at $6.8 m/s$ . Determine, either graphically or by calculation, the resultant velocity of the passenger. Give the direction in which the passenger is moving relative to due north. Show how the answer is obtained.

[4]

A spacecraft of mass $300 kg$ is moving in a straight line in space, at a speed of $8000 m/s$ .

Calculate the momentum of the spacecraft.

[2]

b(i)

The fuel on the spacecraft explodes and the spacecraft splits into two parts. The direction in which the parts move does not change. After the explosion, the speed of the front part increases to $9000 m/s$ . It has a mass of $150 kg$ . Calculate the speed of the rear part after the explosion.

[3]

b(ii)

The total kinetic energy of the two parts after the explosion is greater than the original kinetic energy of the spacecraft. State the energy transfer that occurs in the explosion.

[1]

b(iii)

The explosion lasts for $0.20 s$ . Calculate the average force on the front part during this time.

[3]

A plane, irregular lamina has a mass of $50 g$ . It hangs from a nail that passes through a small hole H near to the edge of the lamina. The nail acts as a pivot and the lamina can swing about it. The lamina is held in the position shown in Fig. 3.1, a small distance above a horizontal bench. The centre of gravity of the lamina is at G.

a(i)

The weight of the lamina is a force that acts downwards. Explain why the lamina experiences this downward force.

[1]

a(ii)

Calculate the weight of the lamina on Earth.

[2]

b(i)

The weight produces a moment about the pivot through H. Using Fig. 3.1, calculate the moment of the weight about the pivot.

[2]

b(ii)

The lamina is now released from the position shown in Fig. 3.1. Describe what happens to the lamina from the time it is released until it stops moving.

[3]

Fig. 4.1 shows a long vertical tube, sealed at the base and open at the other end. The tube is $1.0 m$ long. The cross-sectional area of the tube is $4.0 \times 10^{- 4} m^{2}$ . It is filled with a liquid of density $1.4 \times 10^{4} {kg/m}^{3}$ . The atmospheric pressure is $1.0 \times 10^{5} Pa$ .

a(i)

Calculate: the total pressure in the liquid at the bottom of the tube

[3]

a(ii)

Calculate: the force exerted on the inside surface of the bottom of the tube.

[2]

b(i)

A small sheet of glass is placed over the open end of the tube. The tube is inverted in a container of the dense liquid. The open end of the tube and the sheet of glass are a short distance below the surface of the liquid. Fig. 4.2 shows the arrangement. The sheet of glass seals the open end of the inverted tube. Describe what happens in the inverted tube when the sheet of glass is removed.

[3]

b(ii)

This equipment is used to make a measurement that is used to calculate atmospheric pressure. Describe the measurement made and then used in the calculation of atmospheric pressure. You may draw a diagram to help your description.

[2]

Fig. 5.1 shows a device that cools the air in a room by evaporation. Water drips from the container into the sponge block and keeps it wet. Air flows in through one grille and out through the other. As the air flows through the wet sponge block, the water in the sponge block evaporates.

a(i)

When the water evaporates, the temperature of water remaining in the sponge block decreases. Explain, in terms of the movement of particles, why this decrease in temperature occurs.

[2]

a(ii)

Explain why energy is needed when the water evaporates.

[1]

State two ways in which evaporation differs from boiling.

[2]

The loudspeaker shown in Fig. 6.1 produces a sound of frequency $800 Hz$ .

State what is meant by ‘frequency’.

[2]

Explain whether the sound produced by the speaker is audible to a human with healthy hearing.

[1]

Describe the motion of the cone in Fig. 6.1 and explain how this causes the production of sound.

[3]

The Sun is a very large and extremely violent ball of gas. Electromagnetic radiation from explosions on the surface of the Sun reaches the Earth. Explain why sound from explosions on the surface of the Sun does not reach the Earth.

[2]

An electric circuit contains a battery, a fixed resistor R, a voltmeter and a thermistor. Fig. 7.1 is an incomplete circuit diagram of the arrangement. The thermistor is connected between terminals $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$ .

Complete Fig. 7.1 by drawing the circuit symbol for a thermistor connected between $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$ .

[1]

b(i)

The resistance of R is $2.5 Ω$ . The reading on the voltmeter is $0.40 V$ . Calculate: the current in R

[2]

b(ii)

Calculate: the power transferred in R.

[2]

The temperature of the thermistor increases. Explain what happens to the reading on the voltmeter.

[2]

Fig. 8.1 shows a permanent magnet attached to one end of an unstretched spring and held at rest just above a solenoid. The solenoid is connected to a sensitive ammeter.

State the name of a substance from which permanent magnets are made.

[1]

b(i)

The magnet is released and moves downwards towards the solenoid. The ammeter shows that there is a current in the solenoid when the magnet moves. Explain why there is a current in the solenoid.

[3]

b(ii)

The current causes the top end of the solenoid to become the S pole of an electromagnet. The bottom end of the permanent magnet is an S pole. Explain why the top end of the solenoid becomes an S pole as the magnet moves downwards towards the solenoid.

[2]

The magnet oscillates up and down. Describe what happens to the current in the solenoid.

[2]

In space, an interstellar cloud of dust and gas collapses to form a protostar. The cloud contains hydrogen.

Describe the energy transfers that take place as the cloud collapses and forms the protostar.

[2]

b(i)

The collapse results in a nuclear reaction in the protostar that involves the isotope hydrogen-3 ( $_{1}^{3} H$ ). The isotope hydrogen-3 ( $_{1}^{3} H$ ) is radioactive. It decays by beta particle emission. State how the nuclei of isotopes of the same element are different.

[1]

b(ii)

Explain why hydrogen-3 cannot decay by alpha particle emission.

[1]

b(iii)

Complete the equation for the decay of hydrogen-3 to an isotope of helium (He). $_{1}^{3} H ⟶ \binom{\dots \dots}{\dots \dots} β + \binom{\dots \dots}{\dots \dots} He$

[2]

b(iv)

Explain how the nuclear reaction in the protostar stops further collapse as the protostar becomes a stable star.

[3]

The cloud of dust and gas that collapses also contains atoms of the heaviest elements. State which part of the life cycle of a star is responsible for the production of the heaviest elements.

[1]

The isotope iodine-131 emits two types of nuclear radiation. Gamma radiation is one of the types emitted. A sample of iodine-131 produces a narrow beam of radiation which passes into a magnetic field. Fig. 10.1 shows some of the paths taken in the magnetic field by the radiation emitted from the sample.

a(i)

The direction of the magnetic field is into the page. On Fig. 10.1, mark with a gamma symbol ( $γ$ ) any of the paths taken by the gamma radiation.

[1]

a(ii)

Determine the other type of radiation emitted by iodine-131. Explain how you obtain your answer. type of radiation ................................................................................................................. explanation ........................................................................................................................

[4]

a(iii)

In another experiment, the beam of radiation from the sample is incident on a $5 mm$ thick sheet of lead. State what happens to the two types of radiation in the beam.

[2]

The gamma radiation produced has a frequency of $8.8 \times 10^{19} Hz$ . The speed of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum is $3.0 \times 10^{8} m/s$ . Calculate the wavelength of this gamma radiation in a vacuum.

[2]

Mark scheme

5054/22 · Oct/Nov 2023

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1a · 1 mark

B1
(a vector quantity) / it has a direction

1b · 1 mark

B1
acceleration and momentum underlined and no others

1c · 4 marks

B1
speed: (v =) $\sqrt{{6.8}^{2} + {2.4}^{2}}$ or $v^{2} = {6.8}^{2} + {2.4}^{2}$ or correct triangle / rectangle drawn / intersecting arcs (by eye)
B1
speed: 7.1 – 7.3 (m / s)
B1
angle: ( $θ =$ ) $\tan^{- 1} (6.8 / 2.4)$ or $\tan θ = 6.8 / 2.4$ or 18 – 21(°) or or correct triangle / rectangle drawn / intersecting arcs and scale used $⩾$ 1 cm: 1 m / s
B1
angle: 69 – 72(°)

2a · 2 marks

C1
(p =) mv or 300 $\times$ 8000
A1
2.4 $\times 10^{6}$ (kg m / s)

2b(i) · 3 marks

C1
momentum conserved or $m v = m_{1} v_{1} + m_{2} v_{2}$
C1
( $v_{2} =$ ) ( $2.4 \times 10^{6} - (150 \times 9000)) \div 150$ or ( $v_{2} =$ ) (1 050 000) / 150
A1
7000 (m / s)

2b(ii) · 1 mark

B1
from energy stored as chemical (potential) energy

2b(iii) · 3 marks

C1
$Δ p$ or J or $I = 150 \times (9000 - 8000)$ or 150 000 or (a =) $(9000 - 8000) \div 0.20$ or (a =) 5000
C1
(F =) $Δ p / (Δ) t$ or (F =) $I / (Δ) t$ or (F =) ma or $150 \times (9000 - 8000) / 0.20$ or $150 \times 1000 / 0.20$
A1
$7.5 \times 10^{5}$ (N)

3a(i) · 1 mark

B1
it / lamina is in the gravitational field (of Earth)

3a(ii) · 2 marks

C1
(F =) mg or 0.050 $\times$ 9.8 or 50 $\times$ 9.8 or 490
A1
0.49 (N)

3b(i) · 2 marks

C1
(M =) $F \times x_{⊥} / r$ or 0.49 $\times$ 8.0 or 0.49 $\times$ 0.080
A1
0.039 (N m)

3b(ii) · 3 marks

B1
it / lamina moves clockwise (about the pivot)
B1
it speeds up and then slows down or it oscillates (with decreasing amplitude) or overshoots
B1
(stops with) G vertically below H

4a(i) · 3 marks

C1
$Δ p = h ρ g$ or 1.0 $\times 1.4 \times 10^{4} \times 9.8$
C1
$1.4 \times 10^{5}$ or $1.372 \times 10^{5}$ or $1.0 \times 10^{5} + (1.0 \times 1.4 \times 10^{4} \times 9.8)$ or $1.0 \times 10^{5} + 1.4 \times 10^{5}$
A1
$2.4 \times 10^{5}$ (Pa)

4a(ii) · 2 marks

C1
(F =) pA or $2.4 \times 10^{5} \times 4.0 \times 10^{- 4}$
A1
95 (N) or 96 (N)

4b(i) · 3 marks

B1
the liquid falls (in the tube)
B1
then stops falling or reaches stability
B1
(original) pressure of liquid at bottom of tube greater than pressure of liquid in basin immediately beneath it or pressure (of liquid in tube) becomes equal to atmospheric pressure / pressure in the container or leaving a vacuum (at the closed end of the tube)

4b(ii) · 2 marks

B1
height of liquid surface (in tube measured)
B1
measured relative to level of liquid surface in container or $h ρ g$ (used) to calculate the pressure

5a(i) · 2 marks

B1
faster-moving particles and (more likely to) escape (from the water)
B1
remaining particles have less (average) kinetic energy / move more slowly (on average)

5a(ii) · 1 mark

B1
(work is done) moving particles apart (against the forces of attraction) or (energy needed) to supply the latent heat

5b · 2 marks

B2
no bubbles formed or occurs only at the surface / occurs at any temperature / is affected by exposed surface area / moving air over surface / temperature

6a · 2 marks

B1
(frequency =) the number of wavelengths
B1
(passing a point) per unit time

6b · 1 mark

B1
yes and within audible range (of human with healthy hearing)

6c · 3 marks

B1
it / the loudspeaker / cone / coil is vibrating
B1
when it / cone moves (forwards) it produces a compression / compresses (air) or when it moves (backwards) it produces a rarefaction / expands (air)
B1
vibrations / compressions / rarefactions / energy / change in pressure / motion passed on (to neighbouring air)

6d · 2 marks

C1
space is a vacuum or no medium / air in space
A1
sound cannot travel in a vacuum / space / without a medium

7a · 1 mark

B1
correct symbol for thermistor drawn between $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$

7b(i) · 2 marks

C1
(I =) V / R or 0.40 / 2.5
A1
0.16 (A)

7b(ii) · 2 marks

C1
(P =) VI or 0.40 $\times$ 0.16 or (P =) $I^{2} R$ or ${0.16}^{2} \times 2.5$
A1
0.064 (W)

7c · 2 marks

B1
resistance (of the thermistor / circuit) decreases
B1
increase in current in circuit / R takes a larger proportion of the total resistance / voltage and voltmeter reading / it increases.

8a · 1 mark

B1
steel

8b(i) · 3 marks

B1
magnetic field (lines of magnet) cut (by solenoid) or magnetic field (in solenoid) changes
B1
electromotive force / e.m.f. induced / current induced
B1
electromotive force / e.m.f. cause current (in closed circuit)

8b(ii) · 2 marks

B1
Lenz law mentioned or to oppose the change (causing the current)
B1
(In order to) repel magnet (upwards) or upward force on magnet or repulsion (of magnet) mentioned or to oppose the magnet or resists motion of magnet

8c · 2 marks

B1
current / it changes direction
B1
magnitude / size of current changes or current increases / decreases

9a · 2 marks

B2
from gravitational potential energy or gravitational potential energy to .... or gravitational potential energy decreases / kinetic energy mentioned / to internal energy or internal energy increases

9b(i) · 1 mark

B1
different number of neutrons (in the nucleus)

9b(ii) · 1 mark

B1
(its nucleus only contains) only has one proton (alpha–particles contain two protons) or not enough protons

9b(iii) · 2 marks

B1
$_{- 1}^{0} (β)$
B1
$_{2}^{3} (He)$

9b(iv) · 3 marks

B1
(nuclear reaction produces) a high temperature (in core)
B1
outward force (due to high temperature / nuclear reaction) or force due to high temperature / nuclear reaction or radiation pressure
B1
balances (gravitational) force (inwards)

9c · 1 mark

B1
(red supergiant explodes as) supernova (explosion)

10a(i) · 1 mark

B1
horizontal path marked with $γ$ and no other path indicated as $γ$

10a(ii) · 4 marks

B1
beta ( $β$ -radiation)
B1
left-hand rule (mentioned)
B1
first finger into page and thumb downwards
B1
current opposite to motion or particles negative (and so are beta)

10a(iii) · 2 marks

B1
beta ( $β$ -radiation) completely absorbed
B1
some gamma rays absorbed or (some) gamma passes through

10b · 2 marks

C1
( $λ =$ ) $v / f = 3.0 \times 10^{8} / 8.8 \times 10^{19}$
A1
$3.4 \times 10^{- 12}$ (m)

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O Level Physics 5054 Paper 22, Oct/Nov 2023

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1a · 1 mark

1b · 1 mark

1c · 4 marks

2a · 2 marks

2b(i) · 3 marks

2b(ii) · 1 mark

2b(iii) · 3 marks

3a(i) · 1 mark

3a(ii) · 2 marks

3b(i) · 2 marks

3b(ii) · 3 marks

4a(i) · 3 marks

4a(ii) · 2 marks

4b(i) · 3 marks

4b(ii) · 2 marks

5a(i) · 2 marks

5a(ii) · 1 mark

5b · 2 marks

6a · 2 marks

6b · 1 mark

6c · 3 marks

6d · 2 marks

7a · 1 mark

7b(i) · 2 marks

7b(ii) · 2 marks

7c · 2 marks

8a · 1 mark

8b(i) · 3 marks

8b(ii) · 2 marks

8c · 2 marks

9a · 2 marks

9b(i) · 1 mark

9b(ii) · 1 mark

9b(iii) · 2 marks

9b(iv) · 3 marks

9c · 1 mark

10a(i) · 1 mark

10a(ii) · 4 marks

10a(iii) · 2 marks

10b · 2 marks

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