IGCSE Physics 0625 Paper 43, May/June 2025

Determine the speed of the car at $\text{time}=2.0\text{ s}$.

Calculate the distance travelled by the car between $\text{time}=0$ and $\text{time}=4.0\text{ s}$.

Calculate the deceleration of the car between $\text{time}=0.5\text{ s}$ and $\text{time}=4.0\text{ s}$.

Show that the momentum of the space vehicle is approximately $6.55\times {10}^6\text{ kg m/s}$.

The capsule ejects the nose cone, as shown in Fig. 2.2. Determine the velocity $v$ of the capsule after the nose cone is ejected. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

A different space capsule returns to Earth. Fig. 2.3 shows this capsule just before it lands in the sea. The capsule travels at terminal velocity. The upward vertical force acting on the capsule is $120\text{ kN}$. Calculate the mass of the capsule.

The archer pulls back on the bow string, doing a total of $110\text{ J}$ of work. Her hand moves a distance of $0.45\text{ m}$. The bow is bent and stores energy. Show that the average force applied by the archer in pulling the string back is approximately $240\text{ N}$.

The archer releases the bow string. All the energy in (a) is transferred to the arrow. The arrow moves off at an initial speed $v$. The mass of the arrow is $0.030\text{ kg}$. Calculate the initial speed $v$ of the arrow.

Explain why the speed of the arrow as it hits the target is less than the value in (b)(i).

Explain how thermal energy is conducted through the copper base.

Define, in words, specific heat capacity.

A student heats a metal object to $100{}^{\circ }\text{C}$. The student places the metal object in an insulated cup containing water at $22{}^{\circ }\text{C}$. The final temperature of the water and the metal object is $31{}^{\circ }\text{C}$. The specific heat capacity of water is $4.2\text{ J}\mathrm{/}(\text{g}{}^{\circ }\text{C})$. The mass of the water in the insulated cup is $50\text{ g}$. The mass of the metal object is $54\text{ g}$. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal.

Define, in words, refractive index for a ray of light travelling from air to water.

On Fig. 5.1, draw the path of rays P and Q at the water–air boundary.

The angle of incidence for ray R is ${49}^{\circ }$. Calculate the refractive index of the water.

Explain why ray S is totally internally reflected at the water surface.

Define the term ultrasound.

Describe what is meant by a longitudinal wave.

Ultrasound is used to locate objects below the surface of the sea. Describe how ultrasound is used to locate an object below the surface of the sea. You may draw a labelled diagram as part of your answer.

State one other use of ultrasound.

Determine the value of the current measured by the ammeter.

Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across the $6.0\mathrm{\Omega }$ resistor.

Show that the p.d. across the $20\mathrm{\Omega }$ resistor is $9.0\text{ V}$.

Calculate the resistance of resistor R.

State what is meant by an electric field.

Fig. 8.1 shows a negative point charge. On Fig. 8.1, draw four field lines to show the pattern and the direction of the electric field due to the negative point charge.

The potential difference (p.d.) of a lightning strike is $2.9\times {10}^8\text{ V}$. The energy transferred by the lightning strike is $4.5\times {10}^5\text{ MJ}$. Calculate the charge that flows.

The current in a lamp is $2.0\text{ A}$. The lamp is switched on for a time of $120\text{ s}$. Calculate the charge that flows.

Fig. 9.1 shows a transformer. There is an alternating current in the primary coil. Describe how an alternating current is produced in the secondary coil.

A step-up transformer has a turns ratio of 1:20. The voltage across the primary coil is $12\text{ V}$. Calculate the voltage across the secondary coil.

The power lost in a cable is $1.25\times {10}^{-3}\text{ W}$. The resistance of the cable is $0.050\mathrm{\Omega }$. Calculate the current in the cable.

State two advantages of high-voltage transmission.

Define a light-year in words.

It takes light $490\text{ s}$ to travel from the Sun to the Earth. Calculate the distance from the Sun to the Earth.

Fig. 10.1 is a scatter graph showing how the speed of galaxies moving away from the Earth varies with their distances from the Earth. A scientist draws a best-fit line on the scatter graph. Use this best-fit line to determine a value for the Hubble constant.

The speed of a receding galaxy can be estimated using redshift. Describe what is meant by redshift.

Define the half-life of a radioactive source.

A protactinium (Pa) nucleus decays into a uranium (U) nucleus by the emission of a beta particle ($\beta$-particle). Complete the nuclear equation for the decay. $${}_{\phantom{0}91}^{234}\text{Pa}\to$$

State the change that occurs in the nucleus during the decay.

A different element decays by the emission of an alpha particle ($\alpha$-particle). Give two reasons why $\alpha$-particles are more strongly ionising than $\beta$-particles.