2210/12 · May/June 2026
Download PDFA smartwatch has a built-in microphone that allows a person to use voice commands to control the smartwatch.
Tick (✓) one box to show whether a microphone is an input, output, process or storage device. A input B output C process D storage
The smartwatch stores data that is displayed for the user. Identify the smallest unit of data that is stored by the smartwatch.
One item of data displayed on the smartwatch is the current outdoor temperature. The temperature is stored in a register as a two’s complement binary integer. Tick (✓) one box to show whether two’s complement is a base 2, base 8, base 10 or base 16 number system. A base 2 B base 8 C base 10 D base 16
Give the two’s complement 8-bit binary integer that would be stored for the temperature of 32 degrees Celsius.
Give the two’s complement 8-bit binary integer that would be stored for the temperature of –14 degrees Celsius.
Identify one example of a sensor that would be built into the smartwatch.
A computer has a central processing unit (CPU).
State the role of the CPU.
The memory address register (MAR) and the memory data register (MDR) are two registers built into the CPU. Give two other registers that are built into the CPU. 1 2
A value is fetched from random access memory (RAM) to the CPU. Explain how the MAR and MDR are used in this process.
The CPU has a clock speed of 3GHz. Describe what is meant by a 3GHz clock speed.
A video streaming service uses hexadecimal to display error codes when problems occur with their videos.
Tick (✓) one box to show which statement is incorrect about why hexadecimal is used to display the error codes. A Hexadecimal is easier to debug than binary. B Hexadecimal is easier to read than binary. C Hexadecimal uses less screen space than binary. D Hexadecimal uses less storage space than binary.
There is a problem with streaming a video and the error codes 152 and 30F are displayed. Convert the two hexadecimal error codes to binary numbers. 152 30F
The binary numbers 010001110101 and 101011101000 are stored. Convert the two binary numbers to the hexadecimal error codes that would be displayed. 010001110101 101011101000
Hexadecimal numbers can also be converted to denary numbers. Convert the two hexadecimal error codes 0A2 and 104 to denary numbers. 0A2 104
The videos are stored on a web server. The data for the videos is sent from the web server to a user’s computer using packet switching. Each packet of data is divided into three parts. One part is the payload. Give the names of the two other parts of a packet of data. 1 2
Explain the role of a router in packet switching.
The web server uses magnetic storage. One feature of magnetic storage is that it has moving parts. Give two other features of magnetic storage. 1 2
The video streaming service wants faster read and write speeds for their videos than is provided by magnetic storage. State which type of storage they should use.
The video streaming service compresses their videos using lossless compression. Give two reasons why the video streaming service chose lossless compression instead of lossy compression. 1 2
Give one advantage to the video streaming service of choosing lossy compression instead of lossless compression to compress the videos.
Explain how the videos are compressed using lossless compression.
An odd parity byte check is used to check for errors in data that is transmitted from a computer to a printer.
Three bytes of data need to be transmitted. Give the correct parity bit that would be added to each byte of data for an odd parity byte check.
There is an error in the data after transmission. This error is not detected by the parity byte check. Explain why the error may not be detected by a parity byte check.
Give two other error detection methods that could be used. 1 2
The data that is transmitted is encrypted. Give one method of encryption that could be used.
State what is meant by an encryption key.
State the name given to the encrypted data.
Cyber security threats are a problem when using the internet.
Complete the table by writing the missing terms and descriptions about cyber security threats. Each term and description must be different.
Explain how access levels are used to help prevent a cyber security attack being successful.
A student has an application (app) on their smartphone that can be used to identify the name of a flower. The student opens the app and takes a photograph of a flower. The photograph is stored as an image. The app searches its database for similar images to find the name of the flower.
Explain how the image is converted to binary for processing by the smartphone.
The app uses artificial intelligence (AI) to identify the name of the flower. Explain how the app can use AI to improve its ability to identify the correct name of the flower.
The app uses data stored in cloud storage. Give one advantage to the user of the app storing data in cloud storage instead of locally on the smartphone.
Give two disadvantages to the user of the app storing data in cloud storage instead of locally on the smartphone. 1 2
A programmer uses a low-level language to write a program for a vending machine.
State what is meant by a low-level language.
Identify two examples of a low-level language. 1 2
Give an example of a translator that can be used for a low-level language.
State two reasons why the programmer chose a low-level language instead of a high-level language to write the program. 1 2
The programmer uses an integrated development environment (IDE) to write the program. Identify three terms from the given list that are functions of an IDE. auto-correction binary converter internet protocol (IP) address media access control (MAC) address machine independence prettyprint protocol identifier run-time environment 1 2 3