A Level Chemistry 9701 Paper 12, Oct/Nov 2023

Which particle contains 8 protons, 9 neutrons and 10 electrons? A ${}_8^{16}{\text{O}}^{-}$ B ${}_8^{16}{\text{O}}^{2-}$ C ${}_8^{17}{\text{O}}^{-}$ D ${}_8^{17}{\text{O}}^{2-}$

The second ionisation energy of oxygen is greater than the second ionisation energy of fluorine. Which factor explains this difference? A The atomic radius of an oxygen atom is smaller than that of fluorine. B The covalent bond in a fluorine molecule is weaker than the bond in an oxygen molecule. C A spin-paired electron is removed from fluorine but not from oxygen. D Fluorine has more electrons in total than oxygen. This causes a greater shielding of the nuclear attraction in fluorine.

Zinc reacts with concentrated nitric acid giving three products only: zinc nitrate, an oxide of nitrogen and water. $3.0\text{ moles}$ of zinc react with $8.0\text{ moles}$ of nitric acid. Zinc nitrate contains ${\text{Zn}}^{2+}$ ions. What could be the formula of the oxide of nitrogen? A ${\text{N}}_2\text{O}$ B $\text{NO}$ C ${\text{N}}_2{\text{O}}_3$ D ${\text{NO}}_2$

A $3.7\text{ g}$ sample of copper(II) carbonate is added to $25{\text{ cm}}^3$ of $2.0{\text{ mol dm}}^{-3}$ hydrochloric acid. Which volume of gas is produced at room conditions? A $0.60{\text{ dm}}^3$ B $0.72{\text{ dm}}^3$ C $1.20{\text{ dm}}^3$ D $2.40{\text{ dm}}^3$

Ammonium ions, ${\text{NH}}_4^{+}$, are formed when ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas. Which statement about the changes that occur in this reaction is correct? A The dipole moment of an ammonium ion is greater than the dipole moment of an ammonia molecule. B The $\text{H}-\text{N}-\text{H}$ bond angle decreases when an ammonium ion is formed. C The hybridisation of nitrogen does not change. D There is electron transfer from nitrogen to chlorine.

Which feature is present in both ethene and poly(ethene)? A bond angles of ${109.5}^{\circ }$ B $\pi$ covalent bonds C $\sigma$ covalent bonds D ${\text{sp}}^3$ orbitals

Two compounds of boron are sodium borohydride, ${\text{NaBH}}_4$, and boron trifluoride, ${\text{BF}}_3$. What are the shapes of the borohydride ion and the boron trifluoride molecule?

In an experiment, $0.100\text{ mol}$ of propan-1-ol is burnt completely in $12.0{\text{ dm}}^3$ of oxygen, measured at room conditions. What is the final volume of gas, measured at room conditions? A $7.20{\text{ dm}}^3$ B $8.40{\text{ dm}}^3$ C $16.80{\text{ dm}}^3$ D $18.00{\text{ dm}}^3$

At a temperature of $2500\text{ K}$ and a pressure of $1.00\times {10}^{-4}\text{ Pa}$, a sample of $0.321\text{ g}$ of sulfur vapour has a volume of $2.08\times {10}^6{\text{ m}}^3$. What is the molecular formula of sulfur under these conditions? A $\text{S}$ B ${\text{S}}_2$ C ${\text{S}}_4$ D ${\text{S}}_8$

In the structure of solid ${\text{SiO}}_2$ each silicon atom is bonded to x oxygen atoms each oxygen atom is bonded to y silicon atoms each bond is a z type bond. What is the correct combination of x, y and z in these statements?

Nitric acid is made industrially by the oxidation of ammonia. The overall equation for the process is shown. $$\text{equation 1}{\text{NH}}_3+2{\text{O}}_2\to {\text{HNO}}_3+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$$ The process happens in three stages. The equations and enthalpy changes for these stages are given. $$\text{stage 1}4{\text{NH}}_3+5{\text{O}}_2\to 4\text{NO}+6{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\mathrm{\Delta }H=-904{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$$ $$\text{stage 2}2\text{NO}+{\text{O}}_2\to 2{\text{NO}}_2\mathrm{\Delta }H=-114{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$$ $$\text{stage 3}4{\text{NO}}_2+{\text{O}}_2+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\to 4{\text{HNO}}_3\mathrm{\Delta }H=-348{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$$ What is the enthalpy change of the process shown in equation 1? A $-1480{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$ B $-370{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$ C $-341.5{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$ D $+82{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$

Chlorine reacts with sodium bromide. $$\frac{1}{2}{\text{Cl}}_2+\text{NaBr}\to \text{NaCl}+\frac{1}{2}{\text{Br}}_2$$ Which words correctly describe this reaction? 1 redox 2 displacement 3 disproportionation A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 only

The equation for the reaction between aqueous copper ions and aqueous iodide ions is as follows. $$2{\text{Cu}}^{2+}(\text{aq})+4{\text{I}}^{-}(\text{aq})\to 2\text{CuI}(\text{s})+{\text{I}}_2(\text{aq})$$ What is the change in oxidation state of copper? A $+2\text{ to }-1$ B $+2\text{ to }0$ C $+2\text{ to }+1$ D $+4\text{ to }+2$

A mixture of the three gases, oxygen, nitrogen and argon, is at a total pressure of $500\text{ kPa}$. There is a total of $1.2\text{ moles}$ of gas in the mixture. If the oxygen gas alone occupied the entire volume of the mixture, it would exert a pressure of $150\text{ kPa}$. At room conditions the amount of nitrogen gas in the mixture would occupy a volume of $5.76{\text{ dm}}^3$. What is the partial pressure of the argon gas in the mixture? A $150\text{ kPa}$ B $200\text{ kPa}$ C $250\text{ kPa}$ D $300\text{ kPa}$

$0.200\text{ mol}$ of sulfur dioxide and $0.200\text{ mol}$ of oxygen are placed in a $1.00{\text{ dm}}^3$ sealed container. The gases are allowed to react until equilibrium is reached. $$2{\text{SO}}_2+{\text{O}}_2\rightleftharpoons 2{\text{SO}}_3$$ At equilibrium there is $0.100\text{ mol}$ of ${\text{SO}}_3$ in the container. What is the value of $K_c$? A $0.150{\text{ mol dm}}^{-3}$ B $0.800{\text{ mol dm}}^{-3}$ C $1.25{\text{ mol}}^{-1}{\text{ dm}}^3$ D $6.67{\text{ mol}}^{-1}{\text{ dm}}^3$

The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ${\text{MnO}}_2$ produces water and oxygen gas. $$2{\text{H}}_2{\text{O}}_2(\text{aq})\to 2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(\text{l})+{\text{O}}_2(\text{g})$$ The volume of gas collected when $0.2\text{ g}$ of ${\text{MnO}}_2$ is added to two different hydrogen peroxide solutions at $20{}^{\circ }\text{C}$ is shown on the graph as curves X and Y. Which row shows the conditions that will result in curves X and Y?

The diagram shows a gas syringe with a free-moving piston. The syringe contains gaseous hydrogen, gaseous iodine and gaseous hydrogen iodide at equilibrium. $${\text{H}}_2(\text{g})+{\text{I}}_2(\text{g})\rightleftharpoons 2\text{HI}(\text{g})$$ Three changes are listed. 1 increasing the total pressure by adding an inert gas and keeping the volume constant 2 increasing the pressure by adding more gaseous hydrogen iodide and keeping the volume constant 3 decreasing the volume by pushing the piston to the left Which changes will result in an equilibrium position at which the rate of the forward reaction has increased? A 2 only B 1 and 2 C 1 and 3 D 2 and 3

Which row gives the best description of the variations in the melting points and the first ionisation energies of the elements in Period 3 from sodium to argon?

X and Y are atoms of different elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Neither X nor Y is argon. X is a non-metal. X has a greater atomic radius than Y. Which statement is correct? A X has more occupied electron shells than Y. B X has more protons in each atom than Y. C X has the same number of outer electrons in each atom as Y. D Y is a non-metal.

Four mixtures are added to four separate $50{\text{ cm}}^3$ samples of water and stirred. Which mixture results in a solution with the highest pH? A $1.0\text{ g}$ of aluminium oxide and $1.0\text{ g}$ of aluminium chloride B $1.0\text{ g}$ of magnesium oxide and $1.0\text{ g}$ of magnesium chloride C $1.0\text{ g}$ of phosphorus oxide and $1.0\text{ g}$ of phosphorus chloride D $1.0\text{ g}$ of silicon dioxide and $1.0\text{ g}$ of silicon chloride

What happens when a piece of magnesium ribbon is placed in cold water? A A vigorous effervescence occurs. B Bubbles of gas form slowly on the magnesium. C The magnesium floats on the surface of the water and reacts quickly. D The magnesium glows and a white solid is produced.

The table gives some data for compounds of two elements from Group 2 of the Periodic Table.

What is the missing data for element Z?

Q is a mixture of two compounds of Group 2 elements. Q undergoes thermal decomposition to produce a white solid and only two gaseous products. One of the gaseous products relights a glowing splint. What could be the components of mixture Q? A ${\text{MgCl}}_2$ and ${\text{CaCO}}_3$ B ${\text{MgCO}}_3$ and ${\text{Ca(NO}}_3{)}_2$ C ${\text{Mg(NO}}_3{)}_2$ and ${\text{Ca(NO}}_3{)}_2$ D $\text{MgO}$ and $\text{CaO}$

Iodine has a higher melting point than chlorine. What is the reason for this? A Iodine has stronger covalent bonds than chlorine. B Iodine molecules have stronger permanent dipoles than chlorine molecules. C Iodine is more volatile than chlorine. D Iodine has stronger instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces than chlorine.

When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium chloride, $\text{HCl}$ is formed but not ${\text{Cl}}_2$. When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium iodide, ${\text{I}}_2$ is formed. Which statement explains these observations? A Sulfuric acid is an oxidising agent and chloride ions are more easily oxidised than iodide ions. B Sulfuric acid is an oxidising agent and iodide ions are more easily oxidised than chloride ions. C Sulfuric acid is a reducing agent and chloride ions are more easily reduced than iodide ions. D Sulfuric acid is a reducing agent and iodide ions are more easily reduced than chloride ions.

$\text{NaOH(aq)}$ is added to ${\text{NH}}_4\text{Cl(aq)}$. The mixture is warmed. The gas that is produced turns damp red litmus paper blue. Which row is correct?

Artemisinin is a powerful anti-malarial drug. How many chiral centres are there in each molecule of artemisinin? A 4 B 6 C 7 D 8

Which row shows the correct name and classification of the halogenoalkane shown? $${\text{CH}}_3({\text{CH}}_2{)}_2\text{CBr}({\text{CH}}_3){\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_3$$

How many geometrical (cis/trans) isomers are there of hex-2,4-diene, ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH=CHCH=CHCH}}_3$? A none; hex-2,4-diene does not show geometric isomerism B 2 C 3 D 4

The structure of compound X is shown. One mole of compound X reacts completely with two moles of hydrogen bromide. What is the structure of the major product of this reaction?

The formulae of three compounds are shown. $${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_7\text{CHO}{\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_5{\text{COCH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CHCH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2\text{OH}$$ Only one of these compounds will decolourise bromine water. Only one of these compounds will produce a silver mirror with Tollens' reagent. Which row shows the correct results?

Which list contains a compound that is not made during the free radical substitution of methane with chlorine? A ${\text{CH}}_3\text{Cl}$, ${\text{CCl}}_4$, ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6$ B ${\text{Cl}}_2$, ${\text{CH}}_2{\text{Cl}}_2$, ${\text{CCl}}_4$ C ${\text{CH}}_3\text{Cl}$, ${\text{CH}}_2{\text{Cl}}_2$, ${\text{CHCl}}_3$ D ${\text{CH}}_3\text{Cl}$, ${\text{CHCl}}_3$, ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_2{\text{Cl}}_2$

Propanoic acid can be used to make propene by a two-stage synthesis. Which row shows suitable reagents for this synthesis?

Which alcohol reacts with alkaline ${\text{I}}_2\text{(aq)}$ to produce ethanoate ions? A ethanol B methylpropan-2-ol C propan-2-ol D butan-2-ol

Heating compound X, ${\text{C}}_7{\text{H}}_{14}{\text{O}}_2$, under reflux with an excess of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) produces compound Y. Compound Y produces hydrogen gas with sodium metal and forms orange crystals with 2,4-DNPH reagent. What could X be?

Which reaction takes place by a nucleophilic addition mechanism? A propene reacting with hydrogen bromide B 2-bromopropane reacting with sodium hydroxide in ethanol C propanone reacting with hydrogen cyanide D methane reacting with chlorine

Three equations are shown. 1 ${\text{CH}}_3\text{COOH}+{\text{MgCO}}_3\to {\text{CH}}_3\text{COOMg}+{\text{CO}}_2+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ 2 ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{COOH}+\text{Na}\to {\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{COONa}+\frac{1}{2}{\text{H}}_2$ 3 ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{COOH}+2{\text{Ba(OH)}}_2\to {\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{COOBa}}_2+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ Which of the equations are correct? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 only D 3 only

How many esters with the molecular formula ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{10}{\text{O}}_2$ can be made by reacting a primary alcohol with a carboxylic acid? A 4 B 5 C 6 D 8

The diagram shows an ester. It is heated under reflux with an excess of $\text{NaOH(aq)}$. Which row shows the 2 products of the reaction?

Oxygen has three stable isotopes, ${}^{16}\text{O}$, ${}^{17}\text{O}$ and ${}^{18}\text{O}$. All three isotopes are present in a sample of oxygen gas, ${\text{O}}_2$, which was analysed using a mass spectrometer. How many peaks associated with the ${\text{O}}_2^{+}$ ion would be expected? A 3 B 5 C 6 D 9