States of matter: past paper questions

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• Question 5May/June 2026, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Which molecule or structure does not contain three atoms bonded at an angle between ${109}^{\circ }$ and ${110}^{\circ }$?

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• Question 11Oct/Nov 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  $1.00\text{ g}$ of nitrogen gas is stored in a $2.00{\text{ dm}}^3$ vessel at $40.0{}^{\circ }\text{C}$. What is the pressure in the vessel?

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• Question 7Oct/Nov 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  The element tin exists in two forms, grey tin and white tin. Some properties of grey tin and white tin are shown.

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• Question 7Oct/Nov 2023, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  When an evacuated tube of volume $400{\text{ cm}}^3$ is filled with gas at $300\text{ K}$ and $101\text{ kPa}$, the mass of the tube increases by $0.65\text{ g}$. Assume the gas behaves as an ideal gas. What is the identity of the gas?

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• Question 6May/June 2026, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Materials can be classified by their chemical structures. The four types of structure are metallic, ionic, simple molecular and giant molecular. A, B, C and D all have different types of structure.

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• Question 18Oct/Nov 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Which oxide has a simple structure rather than a giant structure?

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• Question 8Oct/Nov 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Which solid has a simple molecular lattice?

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• Question 9Oct/Nov 2023, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  At a temperature of $2500\text{ K}$ and a pressure of $1.00\times {10}^{-4}\text{ Pa}$, a sample of $0.321\text{ g}$ of sulfur vapour has a volume of $2.08\times {10}^6{\text{ m}}^3$. What is the molecular formula of sulfur under these conditions?

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• Question 7May/June 2026, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Elements X, Y and Z are all found in the first two periods of the Periodic Table. Their Pauling electronegativity values are shown.

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• Question 16Oct/Nov 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  What are the acid–base nature and structure of ${\text{SO}}_2$?

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• Question 10Oct/Nov 2023, paper 12Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  In the structure of solid ${\text{SiO}}_2$ each silicon atom is bonded to x oxygen atoms each oxygen atom is bonded to y silicon atoms each bond is a z type bond. What is the correct combination of x, y and z in these statements?

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• Question 18May/June 2026, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Which statement explains why silicon has the highest melting point of the elements of Period 3?

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• Question 7Oct/Nov 2024, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  In this question you may assume that nitrogen behaves as an ideal gas. One atmosphere pressure $=101\text{ kPa}$. Which volume does $1.0\text{ g}$ of nitrogen occupy at ${50}^{\circ }\text{C}$ and a pressure of $2.0\text{ atmospheres}$?

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• Question 7May/June 2026, paper 12Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Solid X is known to be an element or compound with a giant lattice structure. The identification key shown can be used to identify the type of giant lattice structure in solid X. What are structures 1, 2 and 3, to complete this identification key?

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• Question 8Oct/Nov 2024, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Which statement about the properties associated with the different types of bonding involved is correct?

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• Question 8May/June 2026, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  In this question, you should assume that nitrogen behaves as an ideal gas. What is the volume of $15.0\text{ g}$ of nitrogen at a temperature of $70.0{}^{\circ }\text{C}$ and a pressure of $192\text{ kPa}$?

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• Question 7May/June 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Substance W has the physical properties shown.

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• Question 3Oct/Nov 2023, paper 21Structured12 marksHas a diagram

  Potassium chlorate, $\mathrm{K}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{O}}_3$, is widely used as an oxidising agent and to make ${\mathrm{O}}_2(\mathrm{g})$. Define oxidising agent.

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• Question 7May/June 2026, paper 13Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  In the ideal gas equation $pV=nRT$, what do the symbols $n$ and $T$ represent?

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• Question 8May/June 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Which diagram represents the lattice structure of sodium chloride?

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• Question 17May/June 2026, paper 13Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  The table shows the melting points of ${\text{SiO}}_2$ and ${\text{P}}_4{\text{O}}_6$.

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• Question 13May/June 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  The diagram shows two containers of methane connected by a closed tap. Each container has a volume of $1.00{\text{ m}}^3$. The tap is opened.

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• Question 6May/June 2023, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  In the sodium chloride lattice the number of chloride ions that surround each sodium ion is called the coordination number of the sodium ions. What are the coordination numbers of the sodium ions and the chloride ions in the sodium chloride lattice?

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• Question 2May/June 2026, paper 21Structured9 marks

  The Contact process uses sulfur to produce sulfuric acid. stage 1 Sulfur is burned in excess air.

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• Question 1May/June 2025, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Consider the following statements. 1 Silicon dioxide has a higher melting point than sulfur dioxide. 2 Ammonia has a higher boiling point than phosphine, $\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{H}}_3$.

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• Question 3Oct/Nov 2024, paper 21Structured20 marksHas a diagram

  The Group 14 elements show a change from non-metallic to metallic character down the group.

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• Question 13May/June 2023, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  In this question you should assume that the gas formed behaves as an ideal gas.

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• Question 2May/June 2026, paper 23Structured9 marks

  Group 18 elements exist as colourless gases at room temperature and pressure.

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• Question 10May/June 2025, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  The average intermolecular forces in water are much stronger than the average intermolecular forces in steam. The average intermolecular forces in ice are slightly stronger than the average intermolecular forces in water.

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• Question 18May/June 2023, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ has a melting point of $1713{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$. It reacts with hot $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$ to form sodium silicate, $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{a}}_2\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{O}}_3$, and water. No reaction occurs when $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ is added to hot ${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_4(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$.

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