Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases): past paper questions

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• Question 4May/June 2026, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Which sample of gas has the smallest volume at room conditions?

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• Question 4Oct/Nov 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Methane and steam react to produce hydrogen. $${\text{CH}}_4(\text{g})+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(\text{g})\to {\text{CO}}_2(\text{g})+4{\text{H}}_2(\text{g})$$ $0.80\text{ g}$ of methane and $1.35\text{ g}$ of steam react. One of the reactants is used up.

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• Question 3Oct/Nov 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Glauber’s salt consists of crystals of hydrated sodium sulfate, ${\text{Na}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\cdot x{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$, which can be used for the manufacture of detergents.

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• Question 3Oct/Nov 2023, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Aluminium carbide, ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_4{\mathrm{C}}_3$, reacts readily with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The two products of the reaction are ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{O}}_2$ and a hydrocarbon. Water molecules are also involved as reactants.

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• Question 12May/June 2026, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Nitrogen dioxide dissociates according to the equation shown.

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• Question 20Oct/Nov 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Equal masses of ${\text{CaCO}}_3$, ${\text{Ca(NO}}_3{)}_2$, ${\text{BaCO}}_3$ and ${\text{Ba(NO}}_3{)}_2$ are thermally decomposed. The volume of gas produced in each experiment is measured under the same conditions. Which compound will produce the greatest volume of gas?

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• Question 17Oct/Nov 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Elements X and Y are in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Element X is either phosphorus or sulfur. Element Y is either sodium or magnesium.

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• Question 19May/June 2026, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Which reaction produces the smallest total number of moles of gas?

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• Question 3Oct/Nov 2025, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  The reaction of hydrogen sulfide with sulfur dioxide gives sulfur as one of the products. The two relevant redox equations are shown.

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• Question 23Oct/Nov 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  $7.5\text{ g}$ of nitrogen monoxide reacts with $7.0\text{ g}$ of carbon monoxide on the surface of the catalytic converter in the exhaust system of a car. What is the total volume of the product gases measured at room conditions?

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• Question 14Oct/Nov 2025, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  $20.0{\text{ cm}}^3$ of hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen in the presence of a suitable catalyst. $160{\text{ cm}}^3$ of oxygen, measured at room conditions, is produced in $5.00\text{ minutes}$.

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• Question 30Oct/Nov 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  The structure of limonene is shown. What are the number of moles of carbon dioxide and water produced when a sample of limonene is completely combusted in oxygen?

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• Question 3Oct/Nov 2023, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Zinc reacts with concentrated nitric acid giving three products only: zinc nitrate, an oxide of nitrogen and water. $3.0\text{ moles}$ of zinc react with $8.0\text{ moles}$ of nitric acid. Zinc nitrate contains ${\text{Zn}}^{2+}$ ions.

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• Question 1May/June 2026, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Which mass of aluminium is needed to produce $0.10\text{ mol}$ of ${\text{Al}}_2{\text{Cl}}_6$?

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• Question 21Oct/Nov 2025, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  In an experiment, $0.600\text{ mol}$ of chlorine gas, ${\text{Cl}}_2$, is reacted with an excess of hot aqueous sodium hydroxide. One of the products is ${\text{NaClO}}_3$. Which mass of ${\text{NaClO}}_3$ is formed?

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• Question 20May/June 2026, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  When calcium nitrate thermally decomposes, oxygen is one of the products. Which volume of oxygen is produced at room conditions when $0.50\text{ mol}$ of calcium nitrate thermally decomposes?

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• Question 38Oct/Nov 2025, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Butylamine can be produced by the reaction of butanenitrile with hydrogen in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Which volume of hydrogen, measured at room conditions, is required to react completely with $0.500\text{ g}$ of butanenitrile?

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• Question 37Oct/Nov 2024, paper 12Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  A sample of propanoic acid of mass $3.70\text{ g}$ reacts with an excess of magnesium. A second sample of propanoic acid of mass $3.70\text{ g}$ reacts with an excess of sodium. Both reactions go to completion forming a gas.

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• Question 8Oct/Nov 2023, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  In an experiment, $0.100\text{ mol}$ of propan-1-ol is burnt completely in $12.0{\text{ dm}}^3$ of oxygen, measured at room conditions. What is the final volume of gas, measured at room conditions?

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• Question 30May/June 2026, paper 12Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  A sample of 1-bromopropane, ${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_7\text{Br}$, of mass $36.9\text{ g}$ is heated with an excess of $\text{KCN}$ in ethanol. The reaction gives a $78.0\mathrm{\%}$ yield of the desired organic product. Which row is correct?

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• Question 3May/June 2026, paper 13Multiple choice1 mark

  Antimony is produced in a 2-stage process from its sulfide, ${\text{Sb}}_2{\text{S}}_3$. • ${\text{Sb}}_2{\text{S}}_3$ is heated in oxygen, producing ${\text{Sb}}_2{\text{O}}_3$ and ${\text{SO}}_2$.

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• Question 5May/June 2026, paper 13Multiple choice1 mark

  Oxygen reacts with ammonia to form nitrogen(II) oxide, $\text{NO}$, and steam. How many moles of oxygen are required to convert $10.0\text{ mol}$ of ammonia into nitrogen(II) oxide and steam?

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• Question 12May/June 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Barium dithionate, ${\text{BaS}}_2{\text{O}}_6\cdot 2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$, is soluble in water. ${\text{S}}_2{\text{O}}_6^{2-}$ ions slowly decompose in acidic solution.

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• Question 30Oct/Nov 2024, paper 13Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  The structure of limonene is shown. [Diagram of limonene] What are the number of moles of carbon dioxide and water produced when a sample of limonene is completely combusted in oxygen?

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• Question 37May/June 2026, paper 13Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  2-methyl-1-bromopropane is reacted with a reagent under certain conditions to form primary amine Z. The reaction produces $4.50\text{ g}$ of Z with a $56.0\mathrm{\%}$ yield. [$A_{\text{r}}$: C, 12.0; H, 1.0; Br, 79.9; N, 14.0] Which row is correct?

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• Question 35May/June 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Two reactions are described. 1 2-bromo-2-methylbutane heated with $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$ 2 2-chloro-2-methylbutane heated with $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$ In both reactions, the conditions are the same and $\text{NaOH}(\text{aq})$ is in excess.

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• Question 4Oct/Nov 2024, paper 42Structured12 marks

  Transition metal atoms and transition metal ions form complexes by combining with species called ligands.

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• Question 4May/June 2026, paper 22Structured10 marksHas a diagram

  Figure 4.1 shows two reactions of compound D. D reacts with a single reagent, G, to produce compound E. Identify reagent G.

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• Question 1May/June 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Sample X is added to water and made up to a total volume of $200{\text{ cm}}^3$. This gives a solution of $0.100{\text{ mol dm}}^{-3}\text{ HCl}$. What is X?

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• Question 5Oct/Nov 2023, paper 42Structured6 marks

  Some of the ionic compounds of Group 2 elements undergo thermal decomposition. Thermal decomposition of solid anhydrous magnesium ethanedioate, $\mathrm{M}\mathrm{g}{\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4$, occurs above ${650}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$.

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