Nitrogen and sulfur: past paper questions

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• Question 16May/June 2026, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Four different reactions occur. 1 ${\text{N}}_2\text{(g)}$ reacts with ${\text{O}}_2\text{(g)}$. 2 $\text{NaOH(aq)}$ reacts with ${\text{NH}}_4\text{Cl(aq)}$.

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• Question 23Oct/Nov 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Which statement is correct?

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• Question 20Oct/Nov 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Compound L decomposes on heating. One of the products is gas M. M reacts with unburned hydrocarbons to form peroxyacetyl nitrate, PAN. What could be the formula of L?

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• Question 26Oct/Nov 2023, paper 12Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  $\text{NaOH(aq)}$ is added to ${\text{NH}}_4\text{Cl(aq)}$. The mixture is warmed. The gas that is produced turns damp red litmus paper blue.

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• Question 18May/June 2026, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Two procedures are described. 1 Sulfur is burned in an excess of oxygen then NO is added to the product mixture. 2 Sulfur is burned in an excess of oxygen then ${\text{NO}}_2$ is added to the product mixture.

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• Question 24Oct/Nov 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  When dry ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases are mixed, a solid white ionic compound is formed. Two statements are listed. 1 The formation of the ionic compound is a redox reaction.

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• Question 23Oct/Nov 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  $7.5\text{ g}$ of nitrogen monoxide reacts with $7.0\text{ g}$ of carbon monoxide on the surface of the catalytic converter in the exhaust system of a car. What is the total volume of the product gases measured at room conditions?

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• Question 2Oct/Nov 2023, paper 22Structured15 marksHas a diagram

  NO and ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_2$ react at $25{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ to give ${\mathrm{N}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ as shown in the equation.

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• Question 24May/June 2026, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Ammonia can be made by a suitable reaction using ammonium chloride as one of the reactants. Two statements are given about this reaction. 1 This reaction takes place when ammonium chloride is heated with $\text{KOH(aq)}$.

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• Question 29Oct/Nov 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  The fumes from the exhausts of petrol-burning cars contain the following pollutants. 1 unburnt hydrocarbons 2 nitrogen dioxide 3 carbon monoxide Which pollutants are removed by oxidation in a catalytic converter?

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• Question 24Oct/Nov 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Three statements about ammonia molecules and ammonium ions are given. 1 In aqueous solution, ammonia molecules form coordinate bonds with hydroxide ions. 2 Ammonium ions are Brønsted–Lowry acids.

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• Question 8May/June 2023, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  The Contact process takes place at a pressure between $100000\mathrm{P}\mathrm{a}$ and $200000\mathrm{P}\mathrm{a}$.

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• Question 23May/June 2026, paper 13Multiple choice1 mark

  Which statement about the reactions of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere is correct?

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• Question 16Oct/Nov 2025, paper 12Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Oxides of nitrogen, ${\text{NO}}_x$, are involved in formation of photochemical smog and acid rain. Which oxides of nitrogen are involved in each of these processes?

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• Question 20May/June 2023, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Which emission from an internal combustion engine contributes to the erosion of marble statues?

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• Question 24May/June 2026, paper 13Multiple choice1 mark

  Ammonium sulfate is heated with calcium hydroxide. Two statements about the reaction are listed. 1 The ammonium ion acts as a base during the reaction.

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• Question 24Oct/Nov 2025, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Four reaction mixtures are listed.

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• Question 22May/June 2023, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  J dissolves in water to give an aqueous solution K. K gives a dense white precipitate when aqueous silver nitrate is added.

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• Question 2May/June 2026, paper 21Structured9 marks

  The Contact process uses sulfur to produce sulfuric acid. stage 1 Sulfur is burned in excess air.

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• Question 23May/June 2023, paper 12Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Ammonium sulfate, $({\text{NH}}_4{)}_2{\text{SO}}_4$, and ammonium nitrate, ${\text{NH}}_4{\text{NO}}_3$, are used as fertilisers. These salts have different percentages by mass of nitrogen. They have the same effect as each other on the pH of wet neutral soil.

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• Question 1May/June 2026, paper 22Structured14 marks

  Oxygen reacts with many elements. State the total number of electrons that occupy the 2p sub-shell in an oxygen atom.

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• Question 24May/June 2023, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  The equation shows a reaction that occurs between carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide in a catalytic converter. $$2\text{CO(g)}+2\text{NO(g)}\to 2{\text{CO}}_2(\text{g})+{\text{N}}_2(\text{g})$$ Which statement is correct?

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• Question 3Oct/Nov 2024, paper 22Structured19 marksHas a diagram

  Nitrogen and phosphorus are elements in Group 15 of the Periodic Table. Nitrogen is found in inorganic compounds such as nitrogen oxides (${\text{NO}}_x$), nitrates and nitric acid. Identify one natural and one man-made occurrence of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere.

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• Question 17May/June 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Which reduction process occurs on the surface of a catalytic converter?

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• Question 23May/June 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Nitrogen dioxide is a gas that contributes to air pollution. It is produced in internal combustion engines. Which statement is correct?

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• Question 26May/June 2023, paper 13Multiple choice1 mark

  Which statement about the oxides of nitrogen is correct?

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• Question 8May/June 2025, paper 12Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  In the Haber process, the reaction between the two gaseous reactants requires the use of a catalyst that contains a transition element. What is the metal and in which mole ratio do the gases react?

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• Question 22May/June 2024, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Which statement describes a property of an ammonium ion?

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• Question 5May/June 2023, paper 21Structured15 marksHas a diagram

  Molecule $\mathbf{M}$ is present in petrol, a fuel used in cars. $\mathbf{M}$ is a saturated, non-cyclic hydrocarbon. $\mathbf{M}$ contains eight carbon atoms.

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• Question 23May/June 2024, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Catalytic converters are fitted in the exhaust systems of many cars. Gas X: ● causes acid rain if it is released into the air ● is removed from car exhaust fumes by a catalytic converter. What is gas X?

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