Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycles: past paper questions

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• Question 1May/June 2026, paper 41Structured14 marks

  Write the equation to represent the lattice energy, $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{latt}}$, of calcium sulfide, $\text{CaS}$.

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• Question 4Oct/Nov 2025, paper 42Structured6 marks

  Define enthalpy change of atomisation, $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}}$.

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• Question 2Oct/Nov 2024, paper 41Structured14 marksHas a diagram

  Predict and explain the variation in enthalpy change of hydration for the ions ${\mathrm{F}}^{-}$, ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}^{-}$, ${\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}}^{-}$ and ${\mathrm{I}}^{-}$.

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• Question 3Oct/Nov 2023, paper 43Structured17 marksHas a diagram

  Hydrogen peroxide is a liquid at $298\mathrm{K}$. It is moderately stable under room conditions but will decompose quickly if a catalyst is added. $$\text{reaction 1}2{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_2(\mathrm{l})\to 2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})+{\mathrm{O}}_2(\mathrm{g})$$ Define entropy.

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• Question 2Oct/Nov 2024, paper 42Structured14 marksHas a diagram

  Predict and explain the variation in enthalpy change of hydration for the ions ${\text{Na}}^{+}$, ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$ and ${\text{Al}}^{3+}$.

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• Question 8May/June 2023, paper 41Structured9 marks

  Complete Table 8.1 by placing one tick (✓) in each row to indicate the sign of each type of energy change under standard conditions.

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• Question 4May/June 2025, paper 43Structured8 marks

  Table 4.1 gives the enthalpy changes of hydration, $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{hyd}}$, of three ions, ${\mathrm{F}}^{-}$, ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}}^{2+}$.

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• Question 1May/June 2023, paper 42Structured13 marksHas a diagram

  Group 2 carbonates decompose when heated to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide. Suggest a mechanism for the decomposition of the carbonate ion by adding two curly arrows in Fig. 1.1.

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• Question 3May/June 2023, paper 42Structured12 marks

  Complete Table 3.1 by placing one tick (✓) in each row to indicate the sign of each type of energy change under standard conditions.

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• Question 1May/June 2024, paper 42Structured13 marksHas a diagram

  Describe the trend in the solubility of the sulfates of magnesium, calcium and strontium.

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• Question 4May/June 2024, paper 43Structured13 marksHas a diagram

  Define standard electrode potential, $E^{\circ }$, including a description of standard conditions.

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