General physical and chemical properties of the first row of transition elements, titanium to copper: past paper questions

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• Question 5May/June 2026, paper 41Structured13 marks

  Cobalt is a transition element. It forms a wide range of coloured compounds that contain ${\text{Co}}^{2+}$ ions or ${\text{Co}}^{3+}$ ions. Explain why a transition element, such as cobalt, has variable oxidation states in its compounds.

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• Question 2Oct/Nov 2025, paper 41Structured8 marks

  Iron can form stable ions in the +2 and +3 oxidation states. Explain why transition elements have variable oxidation states.

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• Question 2May/June 2024, paper 41Structured12 marksHas a diagram

  Define transition element.

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• Question 2May/June 2023, paper 42Structured12 marksHas a diagram

  State two typical chemical properties of a transition element.

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• Question 1May/June 2026, paper 42Structured20 marksHas a diagram

  Transition elements have variable oxidation states and form complex ions. State two other typical chemical properties of a transition element.

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• Question 5May/June 2025, paper 41Structured15 marks

  Copper is a transition element. Complete the electronic configurations of a $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}^{+}$ ion and a $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}^{2+}$ ion.

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• Question 5May/June 2025, paper 43Structured15 marks

  Copper is a transition element. Complete the electronic configurations of a ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}}^{+}$ ion and a ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}}^{2+}$ ion.

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