Covalent bonding and coordinate (dative covalent) bonding: past paper questions

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• Question 24May/June 2026, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  The table gives information about the bonding in different species. Which row is correct?

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• Question 6Oct/Nov 2025, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  ${\text{NH}}_3$ and $\text{HCN}$ react together to form ${\text{NH}}_4\text{CN}$, an ionic compound. Which row states the number of coordinate bonds and the number of $\pi$ bonds in one formula unit of ${\text{NH}}_4\text{CN}$?

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• Question 5Oct/Nov 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  Phosphorus forms a compound with hydrogen called phosphine, ${\text{PH}}_3$. This compound can react with a hydrogen ion, ${\text{H}}^{+}$. Which type of interaction occurs between ${\text{PH}}_3$ and ${\text{H}}^{+}$?

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• Question 5Oct/Nov 2023, paper 11Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Solid aluminium chloride sublimes at ${178}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$. Which structure best represents the species in the vapour at this temperature?

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• Question 6May/June 2026, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Descriptions of some covalent bonds are given. 1 the overlap of two p orbitals 2 the overlap of two sp hybrid orbitals 3 the overlap of two s orbitals Which bonds are present in the hydrogen cyanide molecule, HCN?

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• Question 5Oct/Nov 2025, paper 12Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  The bonding between two atoms of nitrogen in an ${\text{N}}_2$ molecule involves the hybridisation of atomic orbitals to form $\text{sp}$ orbitals. Which row is correct?

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• Question 5Oct/Nov 2023, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Ammonium ions, ${\text{NH}}_4^{+}$, are formed when ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas. Which statement about the changes that occur in this reaction is correct?

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• Question 6May/June 2026, paper 13Multiple choice1 mark

  Some orbital overlaps that occur in molecules are listed.

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• Question 5May/June 2024, paper 11Multiple choice1 mark

  When solid aluminium chloride is heated, ${\text{Al}}_2{\text{Cl}}_6$ is formed. Which bonding is present in ${\text{Al}}_2{\text{Cl}}_6$?

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• Question 5Oct/Nov 2023, paper 13Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Solid aluminium chloride sublimes at $178{}^{\circ }\text{C}$. Which structure best represents the species in the vapour at this temperature?

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• Question 9May/June 2025, paper 13Multiple choice1 mark

  In which substance are covalent bonds broken as it melts?

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• Question 6May/June 2024, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  In which species does the underlined atom have an incomplete outer shell?

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• Question 6May/June 2023, paper 12Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  Which statement about the $\text{Cl}-\text{N}=\text{O}$ molecule is correct?

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• Question 11May/June 2025, paper 13Multiple choice1 markHas a diagram

  ${\text{BF}}_3$ reacts with ${\text{NH}}_3$ to form a single compound with a simple molecular structure. $${\text{BF}}_3+{\text{NH}}_3\to {\text{F}}_3{\text{B–NH}}_3$$ Which row describes how the bond angles change during the reaction?

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• Question 22May/June 2024, paper 12Multiple choice1 mark

  Which statement describes a property of an ammonium ion?

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• Question 5May/June 2024, paper 21Structured9 marksHas a diagram

  Hydrocarbon molecules contain covalent bonds. Define covalent bond.

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• Question 1May/June 2024, paper 23Structured13 marks

  Explain the lack of reactivity of nitrogen gas, ${\mathrm{N}}_2(\mathrm{g})$.

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• Question 4May/June 2024, paper 23Structured16 marksHas a diagram

  $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_3(\mathrm{g})$ reacts with $\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}(\mathrm{g})$ to produce $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_4\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}(\mathrm{s})$, as shown. $$\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_3(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}(\mathrm{g})\to \mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_4\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}(\mathrm{s})$$ Draw a diagram to show the ionic, covalent and coordinate bonding present in a formula unit of $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_4\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$.

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